Friday, October 30, 2009

E.U. Reaches Funding Deal on Climate Change

European Union leaders on Friday offered to contribute money to a global fund to help developing countries tackle global warming hoping kick-start stalled talks on a new agreement on climate change. But E.U. leaders disappointed climate campaigners by making the offer conditional on donations from other parts of the world and by failing to decide how much Europe would contribute to a global pot of up to 50 billion euros by 2020.
Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt insisted the E.U. now had "a very strong negotiating position" to press for a global deal at United Nations talks in Copenhagen in December that are aimed at agreeing a successor accord to the Kyoto Protocol.
"Europe has failed once again to say how much it is prepared to contribute for climate finance," said Sonja Meister, a climate campaign coordinator for Friends of the Earth Europe. "In every way the EU is shirking its historical responsibilities and blocking progress towards the just and fair agreement the world needs in Copenhagen," she said.
The European Commission had called on E.U. leaders to make an offer of up to 15 billion euros annually by 2020.
Mr. Reinfeldt, the Swedish prime minister, said leaders had instead agreed that developing nations needed about 100 billion euros annually by 2020 and that, of that sum, between 22 billion euros and 50 billion euros would have to come from public funds, as opposed to private sources like investments in carbon-reduction projects. Mr. Reinfeldt also said that E.U. nations could make a voluntary decision to contribute to a so-called fast-track mechanism that would make funds available immediately to developing countries.
Jose Manuel Barroso, the president of the European Commission, put a brave face on the result, underlining that the trade bloc should not be "naive" going into the negotiations in Copenhagen that are set to begin in fewer than six weeks. "Our offer is not a blank check," said Mr. Barroso. "We are ready to act, if our partners deliver," he said.

Wednesday, October 14, 2009

Latvia agreed to cut budget deficit for EU/IMF

Latvia's ruling coalition agreed on Monday to take measures to cut the country's 2010 budget deficit to meet promises to international lenders and keep on track for further loans, the prime minister of the crisis-hit nation said.
The Baltic country, which has already slashed public sector wages and pensions this year, came under pressure last week from international lenders to live up to a budget agreement made in July which aimed winning further rescue loans and preventing the country facing bankruptcy and possible devaluation.
Finance Minister Einars Repse said that overall in 2010 budget spending would be cut by 320 million lats and revenues would be raised by 180 million lats, leading to the 500 million lat ($1.04 billion) deficit reduction it had promised.

Tuesday, October 6, 2009

Greek socialists win snap general election

Greece's socialists have won a strong parliamentary majority over the governing conservatives, according to exit polls from Sunday's (4 October) general election in the country. The centre-left Panhellenic Socialist Movement, or Pasok, of leader George Papandreou, is leading according to the polls, with 43 percent of the vote, giving the party 159 seats in the 300-seat chamber.
The centre-right New Democracy of Prime Minister Costas Karamanlis, which had called a snap election only two years after his 2007 election win, had hoped to give a boost to his faltering government with its one-seat majority. His gamble did not pay off, however, with his conservatives gaining the support of just 34 percent of voters, translating into 94 seats.
Mr Karamanlis' party had been hit by a series of corruption scandals, the economic crisis and was widely viewed as having badly handled a series of natural disasters. Moreover, the election offered a clear choice between Pasok and New Democracy.
The former promised a €3 billion stimulus package that would include above-inflation wage and pension increases, higher taxes for the wealthy and a review of the privatisation of flag carrier Olympic Airlines and the sale of the government's stake in OTE, the telecoms firm. Meanwhile New Democracy campaigned on promises of wage and pension freezes for government employees and further austerity and cutting of social programmes in order to tackle the country's deficit, already twice the European Union's allowed maximum of three percent of GDP.
Despite the convincing victory, recent polls have shown that as many as nine out of 10 Greeks do not trust either party, and abstentions were also high amongst the young, who analysts worry are turning their back on parliamentary politics. Last December, the country was rocked by violent youth riots that lasted three weeks in what was described at the time as the worst unrest to hit Greece since the restoration of democracy in 1974.
Euobserver

Monday, October 5, 2009

Másodszorra az igenek győztek Írországban

A Lisszaboni Szerződésről tartott második népszavazáson – a korábbinál nagyobb részvétel mellett – a polgárok kétharmada a szerződés elfogadása mellett szavazott.
A pénteki (2009. október 2.) referendumon a mintegy hárommillió választópolgár 58 százaléka járult az urnák elé, akiknek 67,1 százaléka támogatta voksával a Lisszaboni Szerződés elfogadását. Ez éles ellentétben áll a tavaly júniusi, kudarccal végződött első referendummal, amelyen 51 százalékos részvételi arány mellett a „nem” szavazatok - nagy meglepetésre - 53,4 százalékos többségbe kerültek.
Euvonal

Thursday, October 1, 2009

Germany set for centre-right coalition

Germany was on course on Sunday night for its first centre-right government in 11 years after voters gave chancellor Angela Merkel’s Christian Democratic Union and her Free Democratic allies a majority in parliament.

Victory of the conservative-liberal alliance – which had campaigned for tax cuts and a return to nuclear energy but also social justice and tougher rules for finance – ends four years of awkward co-operation between the CDU and its rival Social Democratic Party in a grand coalition. “We achieved something fantastic,” said Ms Merkel, now facing a second four-year term. “We achieved a stable majority in Germany for a new government . . . We can party tonight but there is a lot of work waiting for us. Let us not forget that we have a lot of problems to solve.”
The change of government could herald a more confrontational phase in German politics as a stronger left-of-centre opposition links up with reinvigorated trade unions against the centre-right coalition.
The CDU and FDP were expected to win 332 seats in the 623-strong Bundestag, or lower house, giving the alliance a 20-seat majority.
The results were a slap in the face for the country’s two largest parties. The CDU obtained its lowest score since the first postwar election of 1949 while the SPD lost 11.3 points to reach a postwar low.
The vote will draw cheers from business, with a centre-right government coming to power for the first time since Helmut Kohl, CDU chancellor, lost out to Gerhard Schröder, his SPD successor, in 1998.
Ft.com
Results:
CDU/CSU - 33,8%
SPD - 22,9%
FDP - 14,6%
Linke - 12%
Grünen - 10,7%

Wednesday, September 30, 2009

Portugal's Socialists lose absolute majority

Portugal's ruling Socialist Party won the country's general election on Sunday, although it lost its absolute majority, exit polls suggest. The Socialists garnered an estimated 36.5 percent of the vote, according to polls reported by SIC television channel, giving the party 96 seats, down from the 121 MPs the centre-left won in 2005.
The main opposition party, the Social Democrats (PSD), which is a force of the centre-right despite its name and the party of European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso, came in second with 29 percent, giving them a probable 78 seats in the 230-seat parliament.
However, the big winner of the campaign was the far-left, scooping up a combined 17.7 percent, with the Left Bloc, an alliance sometimes compared to Germany's Die Linke of anti-globalisation activists, ecologists, Trotskyists and Maoists, gaining 9.85 percent, giving it 16 seats, and the Portuguese Communist Party securing 7.9 percent and 15 seats. The rightist Popular Party also boosted its standing, climbing to 21 seats up from 12 in 2005 with its 10.5 percent.
Domestic analysts have attributed the victory of the left of the left to alienation amongst blue-collar workers, civil servants and young people from the the Socialists, who ahead of the economic crisis had imposed formidable public spending cuts that provoked massive protests, including a general strike. In the wake of the economic crisis, the Socialists appeared to have dusted off the Keynesian textbooks, but to little avail.
According to the Bank of Portugal, the economy is set to decline 3.5 percent in 2009, with unemployment on 9.1 percent and rising. Portugal is not however faring as badly as its Iberian neighbour, Spain, with unemployment at half the rate and below the EU average. The country also emerged from recession this year, with GDP growth of 0.3 percent in the second quarter.
Both leading parties ahead of the election ruled out a grand coalition and the Socialists, the Left Bloc and the Communists have said they would not form a leftist coalition, although such a move would give the parties a comfortable 127-seat majority.
Abstention climbed in the election from 36.9 percent in 2005 to 41.1 percent.
Euobserver

Monday, September 21, 2009

Russia drops EU missile threat

Russia yesterday dropped a threat to place missiles on the borders of the European Union, a military source said, easing tensions after the US scrapped a controversial missile shield. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin hailed the "correct and brave decision" by President Barack Obama to abandon the central Europe project and expressed hope that it would lead to further improvements in US-Russian ties.
The move to halt the threatened deployment of short range Iskander missiles in Russia's territory of Kaliningrad, announced to Interfax news agency by the military source, was Moscow's first concrete response to Obama's decision.
Meanwhile, Nato proposed a new era of co-operation with Russia, calling for joint work with Moscow and Washington on missile defence.

Wednesday, September 16, 2009

Barroso 2

Jose Manuel Barroso was re-elected for a second five-year term as European Commission by a clear majority in the European Parliament on Wednesday (16 September), putting an end to weeks of uncertainty and sabre rattling by his opponents in the EU house. Against many predictions, the centre-right Portuguese politician won an absolute majority of the 736-strong parliament hauling in 382 votes in his favour, 219 against and 117 abstentions.
A clearly delighted Mr Barroso, who received a bouquet of flowers from the Swedish EU presidency, thanked MEPs for their "expression of confidence" and pledged to work "with all political groups" in the parliament. Charged by critics with being a weak president too willing to bow to the wishes of large member states, Mr Barroso said his re-election gives the commission and its president "great authority." "I will use that [political] capital for more energy for Europe."
While pledging "loyalty" to member states, he said he would in future "challenge" those countries who are looking out for "strictly national interests." He refused to apologise for his leadership style, a point of strong criticism for his opponents, saying that building consensus and the art of compromise is the way Europe works.
Euobserver

Wednesday, September 2, 2009

Poland keen to shed anti-Russian image

Positive chemistry between Russia and Poland at a World War II remembrance event on Tuesday (1 September) could open a new chapter of realpolitik in bilateral ties, with implications for Poland's place in the EU.
Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and Polish leader Donald Tusk on Tuesday morning spent 30 minutes chatting in a friendly manner in view of cameras on a pier in the Polish town of Sopot on the Baltic Sea coast.
The meeting - the first of its type in eight years - stood out next to ceremonies commemorating the 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II in nearby Westerplatte, where around 20 European leaders gathered to pay respects. Mr Putin in an open letter in Polish daily Gazeta Wyborcza the same day held out the prospect of putting Russian-Polish relations on the same privileged footing as Russian-German ties. "The Russian-German partnership has become an example of reaching out to one another, of looking to the future while paying attention to past memories ...I am sure that Russian-Polish relations will sooner or later attain the same level," he wrote.
The Russian premier offered to open national archives on the Katyn massacre, where Russian soldiers in 1940 killed 21,768 Polish officers and intellectuals being held as prisoners of war. He also signed an agreement giving Polish ships passage to Polish waters - the Zalew Wislany - through a Russian-controlled gap in a Baltic Sea promontory.
For their part, Polish politicians avoided any Russia-critical remarks. Even the nationalistic Polish President, Lech Kaczynski, restrained himself to a muted allusion to Russia's 2008 partition of Georgia, saying that infringements of territorial integrity are "wrong also today." "Russia and Poland have a perspective of working together as partners, of building relations appropriate to two great European nations," Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski said. "This [Mr Putin's letter] is the kind language that one partner should use with another."
Euobserver

Tuesday, September 1, 2009

EU to begin phasing out standard lightbulbs

The EU will start making the transition from power-draining lightbulbs to more energy efficient ones Tuesday, the European Commission said. Several nations including Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the Philippines have already announced they will phase out or restrict sales of traditional bulbs as well. In 2007, President George W. Bush signed a bill that calls for the bulb to be phased out in the U.S. beginning in 2012.
The new European Union rules follow an agreement reached by the 27 EU governments last year to phase out the traditional incandescent lightbulb over three years starting this year to help European countries lower greenhouse gas emissions, the EU executive said Monday. This aims to curb climate change and to reduce energy bills. As of Tuesday, old standard frosted lightbulbs and clear bulbs of 100 watts and more will no longer be manufactured or imported into the EU as part of the plan. The measure is part of a series of energy-saving measures planned by the EU to cut emissions of the greenhouse gases blamed for global warming and to reduce energy expenditure.
AP

Friday, August 14, 2009

Europe's surge signals hope for recovery

The European economy bounced back with unexpected strength in the second quarter, buoying hopes that a worldwide recession was drawing to a close. The economy of the 27-country European Union shrank 0.3 percent in the three months ended June 30, for an annual rate of roughly 1.2 percent.
The 16 countries that use the euro registered a 0.1 percent decline for the second quarter, or an annual rate of roughly 0.4 percent. Despite being in negative territory, the European data looked much better than in the first quarter of this year, when both the European Union and the euro zone contracted 2.5 percent from the last three months of 2008. Europe still faces the possibility that its recovery could slow or even stall in early 2010 because of lagging efforts to repair its banking system and sharply rising unemployment. Nonetheless, the sunnier picture in Europe, particularly in Germany and France, has given the region a leg up sooner than most economists expected. Because of its sharply different recipe for combating the recession, Europe is likely to have slower growth than the United States by 2010, economists predict.
Underlying the strong reading were solid performances in France and Germany, each of which grew 0.3 percent in the second quarter, government data showed. Germany’s economy, the largest in Europe, will still probably contract about 6 percent for the full year, economists say.
Within the euro area, France and Germany are helping balance out much weaker performances in Italy, a perpetual laggard, and Spain, where a collapsing housing market has brought an acute recession. Eastern Europe, particularly Hungary and the Baltic countries, remains deeply troubled. And the once-mighty British economy still faces a steep rise in unemployment, though it, too, could return to modest growth in the third quarter, economists said.
The surprise expansion in Germany — most economists had expected a flat or slightly negative reading — reflects gains for the country’s exporters from growth in Asia and what may be a bottoming of the downturn in the United States. Industrial production has also received a fillip from programs that give auto buyers a 2,500 euro ($3,541) bonus if they swap older cars for newer, environmentally friendly models. News last week that German exports had leapt 7 percent in June over the previous month foreshadowed the positive reading on gross domestic product.
But that masked an overall collapse of orders from abroad; German exports in June were down 22 percent from the period a year earlier. And unemployment is expected to rise sharply this year as government programs that kept people on private payrolls throughout Europe begin to expire. Already, the euro area’s unemployment rate stands at 9.4 percent, its highest level in 10 years, and the anemic growth of the coming quarters will not be enough to arrest the slide. That, in turn, could drag down consumer confidence or even generate political backlash in Europe, economists said.
TheNewYorkTimes

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

EU population to hit 500 million

The European Union's population is set to reach the 500 million mark in 2009, new figures from Eurostat, the bloc's statistics agency, showed on Wednesday (3 August).
On 1 January 2009 the population was estimated to stand at 499.8 million, compared with 497.7 million on 1 January 2008. The EU population has been on the rise since 2004 due to an increase in birth rates combined with annual immigration of between 1.5 and 2 million people.
Euobserver

Wednesday, August 5, 2009

Euro-zone retail sales fall 0.2 percent in June

The European Union says retail sales in the 16 nations that use the euro fell 0.2 percent in June from a month earlier, showing that consumers are wary of spending as unemployment hits a 10-year high.Shoppers cut back spending both on daily essentials such as food, drink and tobacco and on non-food items such as clothing, electronics and medicines.
Retail sales slumped by 2.4 percent in June from the same month last year.
LATimes

Thursday, July 30, 2009

Moldova swings behind pro-EU parties

Pro-EU and pro-reform opposition parties have done better than expected in Moldova's snap elections. But tough coalition talks lie ahead. With 85 percent of ballots counted on Thursday morning (30 July), the four main opposition factions got 47.5 percent and the Communist party got 45.2 percent.
The snap elections were called after widespread accusations of fraud in an earlier poll in April, which ended in violent protests and deaths in police custody. The EU in the run-up to Wednesday's vote laid out conditions for deeper integration. Free and fair elections, respect for human rights and the creation of a credible enquiry into April's events would secure full participation in the EU's "Eastern Partnership" scheme and EU advocacy with international financial lenders, Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski said.
Moldova's future EU relations will be complicated by pro-Russian authorities in the breakaway Transniestria province, who have risen in stature due to the political mess in Chisinau.
euobserver

Thursday, July 23, 2009

Iceland submits EU membership bid

Iceland has formally applied to join the European Union, a week after the parliament in Reykjavik voted in favour of accession to the 27-nation bloc.
The Icelandic Foreign Minister, Ossur Skarphedinsson, submitted the request to his Swedish counterpart, Carl Bildt, during a ceremony in Stockholm. Sweden currently holds the EU's rotating six-month presidency. The bid must now be approved by the EU, after which Iceland's people will be asked to vote on it in a referendum.
"This is the day when I have the historic duty to hand in formally the Icelandic application to the European Union," Mr Skarphedinsson said at the ceremony in the Swedish foreign ministry on Thursday. Mr Bildt said that having Iceland within the EU would enhance its "Nordic dimension".
bbc

Thursday, July 16, 2009

Számos problémát vet fel a német alkotmánybíróság határozata

José Manuel Barroso, az Európai Bizottság elnöke aggodalmát fejezte ki a német alkotmánybíróság Lisszaboni Szerződésről szóló határozatával kapcsolatban, attól tartva, hogy az alááshatja az Európai Unió kompetenciáit és a közösségi jog elsődlegességét. Az alkotmánybírák 147 oldalas állásfoglalása Németországban is heves vitákat keltett.
A német alkotmánybíróság 2009. június 30-án ismertetett véleményében ugyan összeegyeztethetőnek találta a Lisszaboni Szerződést a német alaptörvénnyel, azt azonban előírta, hogy még a ratifikáció befejezése előtt nemzeti jogszabályban kell megerősíteni a német törvényhozás jogköreit.
A határozat kimondja például, hogy a német parlamenté kell hogy legyen a végső szó, amennyiben az EU a Lisszaboni Szerződésben foglaltakon túl is ki szeretné terjeszteni a hatáskörét. A bírák emellett kritikával illették az Európai Parlamentet is, amely ugyan szélesebb jogkörökkel rendelkezne a szerződés hatályba lépését követően, azonban véleményük szerint nem az állampolgárok, hanem a tagállamok érdekeit képviseli.
Mindemellett az alkotmánybírák úgy határoztak, hogy a közösségi jog értelmezésében a végső szó a német legfelsőbb bíróságot illeti, amely így felülbírálhatja az unió legmagasabb bírói testülete, az Európai Bíróság döntéseit. Azonban az európai közösségi jog egyik alapelve a közösségi jog elsődlegessége a nemzeti joggal szemben, ami az évek során előmozdította az európai integráció folyamatát. Ebből a célból az Európai Bíróság számos ítéletet hoz olyan területeken, amelyeken a tagállamok is hatáskörrel rendelkeznek a közös piac integritásának fenntartása érdekében, ami viszont meglehetősen tágan értelmezhető fogalom.
További kényes kérdés a szubszidiaritás elvének megvalósulása. Az elvet – amely szerint a döntéseket mindig a legalacsonyabb, az érintettekhez legközelebbi szinten kell meghozni, s csak akkor kell közösségi szinten dönteni, ha a kitűzött célt nem lehet nemzeti szinten megvalósítani – a német alkotmánybíróság maximálisan szeretné biztosítani.
Barroso, aki hivatalos véleményét csak a későbbiekben közli, hangsúlyozta, hogy a felmerült kérdéseket politikai vitára kell bocsátani. A Bizottság elnöke hozzátette: fontos tisztázni, hogy a szubszidiaritás elve hogyan egyeztethető össze az európai integráció további fejlődésével. A határozat kihirdetését követően a kormányzó német Kereszténydemokrata Unió (CDU) testvérpártja, a Keresztényszocialista Unió (CSU) néhány politikusa szeretné elérni, hogy az unióban képviselt német álláspontot kötelező legyen a német parlamenttel elfogadtatni. Ez azonban többek részéről ellenállásba ütközik, hiszen magakadályozná, hogy Németország bizonyos rugalmassággal tárgyaljon a többi tagállammal, ami az ország befolyásának csökkenéséhez vezetne.
Euvonal

Thursday, July 9, 2009

Schmitt Pál lehet az Európai Parlament egyik alelnöke

Az EP néppárti frakciója brüsszeli ülésén szerdán Schmitt Pált, a Fidesz EP-delegációjának vezetőjét jelölte az EP egyik alelnökének. A múlt hónapban megválasztott új Európai Parlament első plenáris ülésén, július 14-én Strasbourgban dönt a 14 alelnök személyéről. A néppártiak 5 alelnököt adnak, Schmitt mellett olasz, görög, spanyol és német képviselőt jelöltek a tisztségre.
Schmitt Pál - megválasztása esetén - az Európai Parlament eddigi legmagasabb rangú magyar tisztségviselője lesz.
Euvonal

Monday, July 6, 2009

Centre-right wins in Bulgarian elections

Bulgaria's Socialist-led coalition government suffered a severe blow in the general elections on Sunday (5 July), which saw a high turnout and a clear-cut victory for the centre-right opposition Gerb party of Sofia mayor Boiko Borisov.
Gerb, or Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria, had nearly 40 percent (39.7%) of the votes with almost all ballots counted on Monday morning, the Central Electoral Commission said on its website. The Socialists came second with barely 17.7 percent, followed by the ethnic Turkish Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS) at 14.5 percent, the far-right Ataka (9.4%), and the right-wing Blue Coalition (6.7%).
Mr Borisov said he would now engage in talks with the right-wing groups that have made it in the parliament – the Blue Coalition, Ataka and the Order, Lawfulness, Justice party which obtained a little over the threshold of four percent (4.13%) – in order to try and form a right-wing coalition government.
"I hope we will be able to form a government as soon as possible," Mr Borisov, likely to become the country's new prime minister, said at a press conference on Sunday night. "Taking into account the inheritance we get, I can't promise miracles in the next five or six months," he added.
Socialist government linked with EU failures
With more than four million of the almost 7 million Bulgarians eligible to vote showing up on Sunday, the turnout in these elections was over 60 percent – five percent more than the previous vote in 2005 (55.7%) and 20 percent more than the European elections one month ago (40%). The high turnout shows that "people are returning to politics," outgoing Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev told the press.
Mr Stanishev's government is credited with getting Bulgaria in the EU in January 2007, but was also strongly criticised for its failure to deal with widespread corruption in the Balkan country. The government was blamed for irreversibly losing €220 million of pre-accession EU funding last year over the persistent corruption problems, with millions more of EU money still frozen and at risk, unless Sofia delivers some results.
The vote is "political punishment" for Mr Stanishev's government and is linked to Bulgaria's "so far failed EU membership," Vladimir Shopov, an independent political analyst told EUobserver.
"It has been an important element among the so-called 'middle generation' and the young people," who massively voted for Gerb, Mr Shopov said. With Mr Borisov coming to power, a change in both the tone and the style in the government's relations with the "European partners" can now be expected, he added.
Euobserver

Algirdas Semeta, member of the European Commission

Algirdas Šemeta takes up duty as Member of the European Commission responsible for Financial Programming and Budget. Following the resignation of Dalia Grybauskaité, who has been elected as President of Lithuania, Algirdas Šemeta has been designated by the Lithuania government for appointment as member of the Commission, in agreement with the Commission President, José Manuel Barroso.

Saturday, July 4, 2009

Svéd elnökség

Link:
http://www.se2009.eu/

Cseh elnökség

Történt valami érdemleges?
Egy francia diplomata szerint az elnökséget "il sera difficile de faire pire". De ne legyünk igazságtalanok a csehekkel: nehéz helyzetben vették át a stafétabotot; mindjárt kezdhettek az orosz-ukrán gázválsággal és a gázai háborúval...
Az európai gazdaság válságban van; az első negyedévben még gyorsuló ütemben romlott a helyzet, főleg az ipari termelés zuhant meredeken. A második negyedévben lassult a visszaesés üteme, kicsit javult a bizalom a tőzsdéken, a hitelfolyam is helyreállt, köszönhetően az ECB gigantikus pénzinjekcióinak.
Tavasszal az európai politika fókuszába az Európai Parlamenti választások kerültek. A kampány során mindenki tartózkodóan viselkedett.
+ A cseh elnökség fő eredménye: a pénzügyi felügyelet létrehozásával kapcsolatos tanácsi komromisszum illetve az európai gazdaságélénkítési terv konkrét kidolgozásának folytatása.
+ Bevezették az Eurót Szlovákiában
- Kelet-Európa pénzügyi összeomlása kormányválsághoz vezetett Csehországban, Magyarországon, Lettországban

Saturday, June 20, 2009

Megállapodás az uniós pénzügyi felügyeletről

Az Európai Tanács csütörtöki ülésén általános megállapodás született az uniós pénzpiaci felügyeleti rendszerről, amelyre a Bizottság a jelenlegi válság következményeként múlt hónapban tett javaslatot. A korábban fenntartásait hangoztató Gordon Brown is áldását adta a tervre, miután garanciákat kapott arra, hogy a Pénzpiaci Felügyeletek Európai Rendszerének felállítása nem veszélyezteti a tagállamok államkincstáraik feletti kontrollját.
Az Egyesült Királyság a bizottsági kezdeményezés közzétételét követő hetekben erőteljesen lobbizott az ellen, hogy a javaslat alapján felállítandó páneurópai hatóságok a tagállamok kormányait a tulajdonukba került pénzintézetek reprivatizációjára kötelezhessék.

A megegyezés értelmében a bankrendszert, a biztosítókat illetve az értékpapír-piacot felügyelő három európai hatóság kötelező erejű döntéseket hozhatna, továbbá vizsgálatot folytathatna a határon átnyúló ügyletekben, valamint közvetítene a tagállami hatóságok közötti vitás esetekben.

Az Egyesült Királyság végül belegyezett abba, hogy az újonnan felállítandó Európai Rendszerkockázati Tanácsot az Európai Központi Bank mindenkori elnöke vezesse. Gordon Brown azért ellenezte korábban ezt, mert így az eurózónán kívüli országok állampolgárai nem ülhetnek az európai pénzügyi rendszer makroszintű felügyeletét ellátó testület vezetői székébe.

Az Európai Tanácson elfogadott alapelvek nyomán a konkrét jogszabályok kidolgozása az ősz folyamán indul meg. Egyelőre azonban még nem tisztázott, hogy ezen jogszabályokhoz a Szerződések melyik cikkei biztosítanák a jogalapot, ami azért fontos, mert ettől függ, hogy a Tanácsban egyhangúságra vagy minősített többségre van-e szükség az elfogadásukhoz.

Euvonal

Tuesday, June 9, 2009

Centre-right dominate as Socialists regret 'bitter' result

The European Parliament will continue to be dominated by the centre-right for the next five years, but the 736-seat assembly is set to be more fragmented this time round as many small parties made the threshold. The Socialists, who had hoped to make major gains at the polls by way of a backlash against the current economic crisis, kept their second place in parliament, while the Liberals remain in third place.
Joseph Daul, head of the EPP, said he could not be more satisfied with the results, while Liberal leader Graham Watson indicated his faction's showing was in line with what he expected. "That means we will continue to hold the balance between the left and the right, to be the force who determines the outcome of most of the votes and should be able to provide the solid pro-European force at the centre of our House," Mr Watson said.
However the Socialists expressed deep disappointment. Martin Schulz, head of the socialist group, said it was a "very bitter evening" for the party and that they "had hoped for a better result." In Germany, the Social Democrats, a junior partner in the governing coalition, polled 20.8 percent an all time low. Meanwhile, Britain's Labour took a bashing, as did the French Socialists while Italy's conflict-ridden centre-left and Spain's centre-left government also fared poorly. The centre-right maintained its lead in France, Germany and Italy.
Among the main victors are the Greens, who gained in the parliament. In France, the green party (16.2%) were almost at a level with the French Socialists (16.8%). In Germany, they polled in third place (12.1%) ahead of the liberals (11%).
In the United Kingdom
With a turnout of 34.3 percent, the Conservatives obtained 27.7 percent of the votes cast in the elections in Britain on 4 June. The Tories will get 25 seats in the newly elected European Parliament, up from 24 so far, final results showed on Monday (8 June). The British Conservatives have said they will leave the EPP and set up their own anti-federalist grouping.
The European elections in Britain saw the UK Independence Party (UKIP), advocating withdrawal from the EU, scoring its best result ever and coming second to the Tories.
The Labour party of prime minister Gordon Brown, badly hit by the recent scandal over MPs' abuses of the expenses system, only came third at 15.7 percent and lost five of its 18 MEP seats. British media note that it was Labour's worst score since World War II.
Euobserver

Jobboldali erősödés az EP-választások után

A hétvégén lezajlott európai parlamenti választások után jelentősen megerősödtek a jobboldali erők Európában: a Néppárt megerősítette parlamenti pozícióját (267 mandátumot szerzett) a második legnagyobb erőnek, az Európai Szocialisták Pártjának nagy visszaesést kellett elkönyvelnie, ők 159 képviselővel rendelkezhetnek az újonnan összeülő EP-ben.
Az Európai Parlament előzetes, még véglegesnek nem tekinthető összesítése alapján a most megválasztott 736 képviselőből a Néppárt 267 képviselői helyhez jutott, a második legnagyobb frakció, a szocialista párt 159 hellyel rendelkezi majd, míg a liberálisok 81, a zöldek 54 képviselőt küldenek a testületbe.
Eddig 785 képviselő közül a néppártnak 284, az Európai Szocialisták Pártjának 215 képviselője volt. A liberálisok 103, a zöldek 42 hellyel rendelkeztek. A kisebb frakciók közül a jelentős részben euroszkeptikus erőkből álló Unió a Nemzetek Európájáért csoport 35 helyet birtokolhat (eddig 44), míg az Európai Szocialisták Pártján kívüli más baloldali és kommunista pártokat is magában foglaló egyesült baloldal frakciója 34 (41), az uniós együttműködést sok szempontból nem támogató Függetlenség/Demokrácia képviselőcsoport pedig 18 (24) tagra számíthat.
A fennmaradó 88 képviselő kisebb csoportokba tömörülhet, illetve hovatartozásuk egyelőre nem egyértelmű. A részvételi arány 43,1 százalék körüli volt (2004-ben 45,5 százalék), Magyarországról a választójoggal rendelkezők 36,3 százaléka ment el voksolni (legutóbb 38,5 százalék).
Euvonal

Friday, June 5, 2009

Hollandiában már lezárult a szavazás

Hollandiában tegnap, június 4-én járultak az urnákhoz a szavazók. A kormány már ismertette is az eredményeket, melyek azonban még nem tekinthetők véglegesnek.
A holland előzetes eredmények szerint a Geert Wilders vezette szélsőjobboldali párt (PVV) nyerte meg a voksok 17 százalékát, ezzel úgy tűnik, négy helyet szereznek a huszonöt holland székből az Európai Parlamentben. A pártnak korábban nem volt képviselete az EP-ben. „Az embereknek elegük van a mostani Európából: a nagy és költséges Európából, melyben napirenden van egy esetleges török csatlakozás” - kommentálta az eredményeket Geert Wilders. Pártjával a török csatlakozás ellen, és a migrációs politika szigorítása érdekében fognak politizálni, sőt, távoli céljaik közt szerepel az Európai Parlament megszüntetése is. A pártelnök már ismerős lehet sokak számára anti-iszlamista nézeteiről, valamint a Fitna című, nagy botrányt kiváltó dokumentumfilmről, melyben a Koránt vette célpontba. Geert Wilders a film bemutatása óta 24 órás védelemben részesül.
A legtöbb mandátumot a kormánypárti Kereszténydemokrata Tömörülés (CDA) szerzik valószínűleg, akik a szavazatok 20 százalékát kapták, így ők öt mandátumhoz juthatnak az európai törvényhozásban. A voksok 12,2 százalékát kapta meg a jelenleg szintén kormányon lévő Munkapárt (PvdA), akik a legnagyobb veszteséget könyvelhetik el 2004-hez képest: hét képviselő helyett idén valószínűleg csak hármat delegálhatnak. Ez a visszaesés betudható a jelenlegi gazdasági helyzetnek és a Balkenede miniszterelnökkel szemben megerősödött elégedetlenségnek. Az előzetes eredmények alapján a jelentősebb pártok közül a liberálisok (VVD) és a Zöldek három-három, a Keresztény Unió (CU) két képviselővel.
Euvonal

Monday, May 18, 2009

Lithuania set for energy rethink

Lithuania's president-elect says she will push to open up the Baltic state's energy sector, which is still linked to the Soviet-era power grid.
Dalia Grybauskaite achieved an election landslide on Sunday to become Lithuania's first female president. "There is no internal market with electricity - it's very monopolised," Ms Grybauskaite told the BBC.
Asked about relations with Russia, she said she would "keep irritating rhetoric out of my language". Lithuania gets more than 80% of its gas and most of its oil from Russia.
Like its Baltic neighbours, Lithuania has been hit hard by the global economic downturn. Its economy is expected to contract by as much as 15% this year and in January frustration over the crisis escalated into rioting. "I hope to be a stabiliser in this situation," said the president-elect, who will have the right to veto the budget if she so chooses.
Ms Grybauskaite is poised to step down as the European Union's budget commissioner before taking up the presidency.
BBC

Thursday, May 14, 2009

Pirates coordinating attacks off Somalia

Searches of captured mother ships operating off the Somali coast have revealed for the first time that pirate gangs are coordinating their attacks against commercial shipping, the commander of the European Union's naval task force said Wednesday. British Rear Admiral Philip Jones said that in recent weeks his flotilla had captured four of the mother ships used to resupply the small pirate speedboats that operate far offshore in the Indian Ocean.
"We do fairly extensive trawls of all the vessels we capture to look for ... evidence we can use to work (out) ourselves what the pirates tactics are," Jones told reporters. The most recent evidence, he said, shows the mother ships are telling each other about potential targets.
The EU flotilla's primary task is escorting ships chartered by the World Food Program to carry food aid to Somalia. In the five months it has been deployed, the flotilla's warships have escorted 23 vessels that have delivered enough food to feed 1.5 million people in the war-ravaged nation. Despite the international naval presence, attacks on commercial shipping off the Somali coast have exploded in the last two months as the pirates have taken to sailing far out into the Indian Ocean to attack vessels beyond the patrol range of the warships.
Jones said he was "bemused" by media reports that the pirates were receiving intelligence on the movement of commercial shipping from sources in the West, adding that the searches of the mother ships had yielded no such evidence.

Saturday, May 9, 2009

EU signs deal on new gas pipeline

The European Union has signed an agreement with four countries in a bid to press ahead with a gas pipeline that would reduce its reliance on Russian energy.
Azerbaijan and Egypt, which can both supply gas, and Turkey and Georgia, which are able to carry it, signed up to the Nabucco gas pipeline scheme on Friday at a meeting in Prague, capital of the Czech Republic. In return for their commitment to supply gas to Europe, the EU offered to provide more trade and stronger transport links to the gas producers and transit countries involved.
Three key nations - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - refused to sign the text, diplomatic sources told the AFP news agency.
Mirek Topolanek, the Czech prime minister, said the aim to open up a "southern corridor" for supplies was "not just a one-way street for pipelines." He said: "We envisage this as a new silk road where we'll see the flow of information, goods, people and energy in both ways."
AlJazeera

Friday, May 8, 2009

ECB package

The European central bank announced a multi-pronged attack on the recession on Thursday (7 May), cutting interest rates by a quarter point and unveiling plans to buy €60 billion worth of bonds held by euro area banks.
But the bank's president, Jean-Claude Trichet, was adamant that the innovative move to buy covered bonds did not constitute quantitative easing, saying the exact details on how the bank will raise the money will be announced next month. Covered bonds have traditionally been considered some of the safest corporate bonds on the market as they are backed by mortgages or public sector loans.
Independently on Thursday, the Bank of England announced it would pump a further €56 billion into the British economy through the purchase of government and corporate bonds. British interest rates remained unchanged however.
The ECB's quarter point interest rates cut bringing the bank's main lending rate to an historic low of just 1 percent. After the news was announced, many commercial banks around the euro area said they would pass the cut onto holders of tracker mortgages, helping reducing monthly mortgage repayments. Others however said they would not be passing the cut on, claiming instead that they wished to protect individuals opting to save.
Showing new signs of flexibility, Mr Trichet did not rule out the possibility of a further interest rate cut, marking a departure from previous statements in which he indicated 1 percent was the lowest the bank would go. While euro area rates have reached a new record low, they are still higher than those in the US which currently hover in a band between 0 - 0.25 percent. Both Britain and Japan also have lower rates on 0.5 percent and 0.1 percent respectively.
In a further measure, the ECB announced it would extend its lending period to banks from 6 to 12 months and would starting lending to the European Investment Bank for the first time. The European Investment Bank was set up by the 1958 Treaty of Rome, with the aim of lending money of support EU policy objectives especially the financing of projects in poorer regions. The news should bring some cheer to Eastern Europe that has been particularly badly hit by the crisis.
The comprehensive package of measures announced on Thursday is more than many analysts had anticipated and reflect the ECB's gloomy assessment of the current economic situation. Mr Trichet said the first quarter of 2009 had been "very bad" and that the bank would revise down it growth forecasts next month.
Eurobserver

Sunday, April 26, 2009

Unemployment in Spain Hits 17.4%

The number of unemployed people in Spain rose to a record four million in the first quarter as the economy continued to shed jobs created over the last decade by inexpensive credit and a real estate bubble.
he Spanish unemployment rate climbed to 17.4 percent, from 13.9 percent in the final quarter of 2008, or more than twice the EU average, the National Statistics Institute said Friday. The 802,800 increase in the ranks of the jobless was the largest quarterly increase in more than 30 years.
The Bank of Spain has warned of little room for additional spending, with Spain’s public sector deficit on track to hit 8.3 percent of G.D.P. this year and its ratio of debt-to-G.D.P. set to reach 50 percent. The bank’s governor, Miguel Fernández Ordóñez has said that the social security system could go into deficit this year.
New York Times

Monday, April 20, 2009

Nationalists sweep to victory in northern Cyprus poll

Efforts to reunify the divided island of Cyprus could be complicated by an election result in the breakaway north. Turkish Cypriot nationalists have been celebrating a decisive victory in the parliamentary poll.
Their National Unity Party, led by Dervis Eroglu, has pledged to pursue talks aimed at finding a settlement. But it has advocated an outright two-state solution to the Cyprus question. And that is at odds with the federal model being discussed in peace talks that Turkish Cypriot leader Mehmet Ali Talat launched with Greek Cypriots last year.
He retains his position despite the outcome of Sunday’s vote. But his room for manoeuvre in trying to reunite the island could be limited, with his political rivals now dominant in the territory’s parliament. The internationally-recognized Greek Cypriot government in the south represents Cyprus in the European Union. Only Turkey recognises the Turkish Cypriot territory. And, as long as the island remains divided, Greek Cypriots say they will block Turkey’s admission to the EU.
Euronews.net

Sunday, April 19, 2009

Hungary's economy to shrink by up to 6 pct in 2009

Hungary's new prime minister said Sunday that the country's economy would contract by as much as 6 percent this year, making new budget cutbacks and reforms necessary to keep the state budget in balance. Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai said that if the government's planned reforms and austerity measures were not introduced soon, Hungary could face a prolonged economic crisis.
A heavy reliance on foreign investors to finance the state budget, a large proportion of home- and car owners with debts in foreign currencies, especially the Swiss franc and the euro, and an engorged welfare system have made Hungary among the countries in Eastern Europe most affected the global economic slump.
Bajnai was sworn in Tuesday after parliament elected him to replace Ferenc Gyurcsany, who resigned last month amid Hungary's deepest crisis since the end of communism nearly 20 years ago. Bajnai said he was taking the job at most until elections are held in April or May 2010 and would not seek to run again for office.
While the last official forecast expected gross domestic product to fall by as much as 3.5 percent, Bajnai said the depth of the global economic crisis was having increased effects on Hungary, which relies heavily on markets like Germany for its exports. Bajnai said it was time for all Hungarians to "cry together and laugh together," by, for example, expanding the tax base and increasing the proportion of those working as opposed to living on social welfare.
Bajnai said that among the decisions taken by the Cabinet were to lower payroll taxes to first preserve jobs and later hopefully increase the number of workplaces, raise the value-added tax to 25 percent from 20 percent, and temporarily eliminate extra pension payments and automatic annual bonuses for public employees.
He also announced plans to raise the retirement age gradually to 65 from 62, freeze some social welfare payments, eliminate energy subsidies for homeowners, introduce a real estate tax burdening especially the more valuable properties, lower expenditures on state-owned media, reform and cut subsidies for agricultural producers and simply the tax code.
The government also was planning to expand the personal income tax brackets so that around 90 percent of taxpayers would fall into the lowest category, the prime minister announced. Bajnai said his "crisis-management" government's aim was to help Hungary soon reach an annual growth rate 2 percentage points above the European Union average and meet the economic criteria needed to change the currency from the forint to the euro.
AP

Thursday, April 9, 2009

Moldova accuses Romania of staging riots

Moldovan president Vladimir Voronin has blamed EU neighbour Romania for staging post-election riots and announced he would expel Bucharest's ambassador and reintroduce visas for Romanians. Some 2,000 protesters were gathering for the third day on Wednesday (8 April) in Chisinau, after police took over the control of the parliament and presidential palace a night before.
Mr Voronin decided to expel the Romanian ambassador and reintroduce mandatory visas for his neighbours, despite a visa facilitation agreement with the EU. Under the agreement, Chisinau lifted visas for all EU member states at the end of 2007, including for the EU's newest members Romania and Bulgaria. Moldovan authorities also interrupted the broadcasting of Romanian TV channels on cable networks, which were the only ones reporting live on the events.
Russian support for the current government
Russian interests are still very much present, as the separatist region of Transnistria, in Moldova's eastern part bordering Ukraine, is home to some 2,000 Russian troops and military equipment. Russia's foreign ministry, in a statement on Wednesday, said the riots were a plot aimed at undermining Moldova's sovereignty and pointed the finger to forces which favour a reunion with Romania. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, who had earlier congratulated Mr Voronin on his party's election win, called for a speedy and calm resolution of the crisis.
Some representatives of Moldovan civil society were disappointed at the EU's reaction and the OSCE judgement that the Sunday elections were free and fair.
"The declarations of OSCE observers and EU officials calling the elections fair proved that the EU feels nausea about the Republic of Moldova. These statements untied the hands of the Voronin regime," Oazu Nantoi from the Institute for Public Policy, a Chisinau-based think-tank, told EUobserver. He said that the elections were grossly manipulated by the state institutions, who only serve the Communist party and its leader. Mr Nantoi, who participated in the demonstrations from the first day on, said that on Monday, people gathered spontaneously, protesting peacefully about the Communist leadership.
Euobserver

Tuesday, March 24, 2009

Czech MPs oust government in vote

The Czech Republic's centre-right minority government has lost a vote of no-confidence midway through the country's six-month EU presidency. Four rebel MPs voted with the opposition Social Democrats and Communists against PM Mirek Topolanek.

Mr Topolanek said he would step down, but correspondents say it is unclear how long he will remain in the post. The European Commission said it was confident the Czech Republic could continue its EU role effectively. Social Democrat leader Jiri Paroubek said ahead of the vote that the government could "complete the Czech EU presidency or its substantial part".
Tuesday's no-confidence vote in the lower house followed accusations that one of Mr Topolanek's advisers had attempted to pressure its public TV channel into dropping a programme critical of a former Social Democratic MP who had decided to back the coalition.
The BBC's Rob Cameron in Prague says this surprise result, which threw observers completely off guard, could have far-reaching consequences beyond the country's borders. In addition to chairing the European Council, the Czech Republic is also in the middle of ratifying the Lisbon Treaty and is in talks with the United States on placing a radar base on Czech soil. All these important foreign policy initiatives are now thrown into doubt, our correspondent adds.
(BBC)

Sunday, March 22, 2009

Hungary Seeks New Premier to Fight Economic Crisis

Hungary’s ruling Socialists began hunting for a new premier to tackle the economic and financial crisis after Ferenc Gyurcsany said he will quit with the nation mired in its worst recession in at least 16 years.
His successor, who will need opposition support, would be elected on April 14 by parliament, Gyurcsany, who heads a minority administration, said yesterday. Talks with rival parties are under way. The new Cabinet will have a year to repair Hungary’s finances before the next scheduled elections.
Gyurcsany told his party’s congress on March 21 that he is willing to resign to allow the formation of a “new government with the leadership of a new prime minister.” He didn’t name a preferred successor. Gyurcsany told parliament today that his decision to quit as premier was “final and irrevocable.”
Even as he presided over a reduction of the budget deficit from 9.2 percent of GDP in 2006 to about 3.3 percent last year, Gyurcsany was criticized in February by some opposition parties and the central bank for his proposed 900 billion forint ($4.1 billion) tax shuffle to boost growth. Critics said more spending cuts were needed to stabilize the economy in the short run and boost growth in the long run.
The Socialist Party is less than half as popular as its biggest rival. Backing for the government started slipping when it introduced austerity measures to close a budget gap in 2006. The resulting economic decline was worsened by the global crisis, forcing the country to seek international aid. The party had 23 percent support last month, the lowest in 10 years, compared with 62 percent for the largest opposition party, Fidesz, pollster Median said on its Web site on March 18. Gyurcsany’s popularity fell to 18 percent, making him the most unpopular premier since communism. The poll of 1,200 people has a margin of error of 2 to 6 percentage points.
(Bloomberg)

Jóváhagyták az 5 milliárd eurós beruházási csomagot

Három hónapos huzavona után tegnap este az uniós csúcson a tagállamok vezetői megegyeztek a források felhasználásának feltételeiről, és jóváhagyták a Bizottság 5 milliárd eurós beruházási programcsomagját. A csomag elsősorban energiaügyi és távközlési beruházások finanszírozásával kívánja élénkíteni a gazdaságot a tagállamokban.
„Sikerült közös nevezőre jutnunk az energiaügyi, távközlési és vidékfejlesztési beruházásokat tartalmazó infrastruktúra-fejlesztő csomag összetételéről” - nyilatkozta Mirek Topolanek cseh miniszterelnök a tárgyalásokat követő sajtótájékoztatón.
A megegyezés úgy születhetett meg, hogy a vezetők elfogadták Németország arra irányuló kérelmét, hogy a finanszírozás csak két évig tartson. A kész megállapodás szövegébe beültetendő úgynevezett „naplemente záradék”, azt hivatott szolgálni, hogy azok a projektek, amik 2010 végéig nem állnak készen a megvalósításra, már ne jussanak uniós pénzhez. A nagyszabású uniós gazdaságélénkítési csomag legfontosabb elemeit az előző költségvetési évben fel nem használt uniós pénzekből finanszírozzák.
A listán négy, Magyarországot közvetlenül érintő beruházás szerepel, az eddigi egyeztetések nyomán szlovákiai, romániai, és horvátországi gázhálózat-összeköttetéseinkre valamint a Bécs és Győr közötti elektromos rendszer korszerűsítésére kapnánk uniós támogatást, így az egyik legnagyobb kedvezményezetté válva. A lista tartalmazza a Nabucco gázvezeték-beruházás támogatását is, azzal a feltétellel, hogy a támogatandó fázisok a jövő év végéig a megvalósítás szakaszába lépnek.
Euvonal

Thursday, March 12, 2009

Elhagyják az Európai Néppártot a toryk

A brit Konzervatív Párt tegnap hivatalosan is megerősítette kilépési szándékát a legnagyobb jobbközép pártokat tömörítő európai parlamenti frakcióból, az Európai Néppártból. Erre valószínűleg még az EP-választások előtt sor kerül, és júliusban valószínűleg új frakciót alapítanak az EP-ben, Európai Konzervatívok néven.
A BBC beszámolója szerint a toryk brit árnyékkormányának EU minisztere, Mark Francois és külügyminisztere, William Hague, valamint európai parlamenti vezetőjük, Timothy Kirkhope tegnap közösen látogatta meg Joseph Dault, az Európai Néppárt és Európai Demokraták elnökét Strasbourgban, hogy személyesen tájékoztassák terveikről.
A toryk hazai vezetője, David Cameron már a 2005-ös pártelnöki választáson azzal kampányolt, hogy megválasztása esetén kivezeti az – igencsak euroszkeptikus, de nem feltétlen integráció-ellenes szavazótáborral rendelkező - pártot a kereszténydemokrata többségű, meglehetősen föderalista nézetű képviselőcsoportból. Az képviselők európai párthoz fűződő viszonyát végül a Lisszaboni Szerződés körüli ellentmondás mérgesítette el annyira, hogy a britek magukra vállalják a kilépést követő jelentős befolyásvesztést az európai döntéshozatalban.

Euvonal

Friday, March 6, 2009

Újabb kamatcsökkentés

Az Európai Központi Bank csütörtökön (március 5.) fél százalékponttal, 1,5 százalékra csökkentette irányadó kamatát, mely az euró 1999-es bevezetése óta a legalacsonyabb alapkamat.
Múlt év októbere óta a tegnapi kamatdöntéssel együtt az EKB már 2,75 százalékponttal szállította le alapkamatát annak érdekében, hogy a pénzügyi válság miatt lelassult európai gazdaságot élénkítse. A döntést követő sajtóértekezleten Jean-Claude Trichet, az EKB elnöke nem zárkózott el további kamatvágástól sem, de megerősítette korábbi véleményét, miszerint a zérókamat-politkát nem tartja előnyösnek. Az EKB a 2009-es és 2010-es infláció alakulását a visszaeső fogyasztói kereslet és a csökkenő árak miatt két százalék alá várják.

Monday, March 2, 2009

Germany rejects bailout plan for east EU nations

Germany rejected appeals Sunday for a single multibillion euro (dollar) bailout of eastern Europe, even after Hungary begged EU leaders not to let a new "Iron Curtain" divide the continent into rich and poor.
The swift, strong comments by German Chancellor Angela Merkel dampened hopes that leaders at Sunday's European Union summit could forge a unified stance to tackle the worsening economic crisis. As Europe's largest economy, Germany has been under rising pressure to take the lead in rescuing eastern EU members, but Merkel insisted that a one-size-fits-all bailout was unwise. "Saying that the situation is the same for all central and eastern European states, I don't see that," said Merkel, adding "you cannot compare" the dire situation in Hungary with that of other countries.
Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany, saying the credit crunch was hitting the eastern members hardest, had called for an EU fund of up to euro190 billion ($241 billion) to help restore trust and solvency in those nations. "We should not allow that a new Iron Curtain should be set up and divide Europe," Gyurcsany told reporters. "In the beginning of the nineties we reunified Europe, now the challenge is whether we will be able to reunify Europe financially."
EU nations are all grappling with a worsening recession, compounded by a severe credit crunch that has left many EU countries looking ever more inward to protect jobs and companies from international competition. Those policies are now undermining the open market cornerstone on which the EU is founded.
Ahead of the summit, the leaders of nine countries — Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania and the three Baltic states — forged a common stand to pressure richer members in the 27-nation bloc to back up vague pledges of support with action. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said the nine leaders called for "a spirit against protectionism and egoism."Hungary, Poland and the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania also want the EU to fast-track their bids to join the euro-currency, which could offer them a stable financial anchor. Latvia's government has already collapsed amid the economic fallout. Other EU members, like Sweden, want to coordinate a Europe-wide bailout plan for car producers. Prime Minister Mirek Topolanek of the Czech Republic, which holds the EU presidency, has called on his counterparts to act together.
A draft summit conclusion centered a commitment to "make the maximum possible use" of the EU's cherished free market "as the engine for recovery".
The crisis has sorely tested solidarity among EU nations. The Czech Republic has accused France of trying to protect its local car plants at the expense of foreign subsidiaries, while Germany rejected earlier calls to help bail out economies in Ireland, Greece and Portugal.
Sunday's talks are meant to restore a unified purpose and help prepare for the April 2 Group of 20 nations summit in London. Once-booming east European economies have been hit hard by the economic downturn. As cheap credit dried up their export markets shrank, causing eastern currencies to sink and triggering more financial turmoil.
Gyurcsany said eastern EU countries could need up to euro300 billion ($380 billion), or 30 percent of the region's gross domestic production this year. He warned that failure to offer bigger bailouts "could lead to massive contractions" in their economies and lead to "large-scale defaults" that would affect Europe as a whole. It could also trigger political unrest and immigration pressures as jobless rates soar, he said. EU governments have already spent euro300 billion ($380 billion) in bank recapitalizations and put up euro2.5 trillion ($3.18 trillion) to guarantee loans of many banks in the EU and neighboring states.
On Friday, the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank and the World Bank said they will jointly provide euro24.5 billion ($31.1 billion) in emergency aid to shore up the battered finances of eastern European nations.
Associated Press

Friday, February 20, 2009

Latvian government falls, president seeks new PM

Latvia's four-party ruling coalition collapsed on Friday and the president called for talks to forge a new government to tackle a deepening economic crisis.
The coalition's fall, the second European government to succumb to the financial crisis, adds to the economic problems of the small Baltic state, which last year had to take a 7.5 billion euro ($9.43 billion) IMF-led rescue loan last year.
Political and social tensions exploded in January into a riot, though there has been little sign of a repeat in Latvia, a European Union and NATO member since 2004. The political crisis struck as a team from the International Monetary Fund visited Latvia.
Reuters

Friday, February 13, 2009

Europe’s Economy Contracts Most in at Least 13 Years

Europe’s economy contracted the most in at least 13 years in the fourth quarter, compounding pressure on the European Central Bank to reduce interest rates to the lowest ever next month.
Gross domestic product in the euro region declined 1.5 percent from the previous three months, the European Union’s statistics office in Luxembourg said today. That was more than the 1.3 percent economists expected and the most since euro-area GDP records began in 1995. From a year earlier, GDP fell 1.2 percent in the fourth quarter, the only full-year drop on record.
Europe recorded the biggest trade deficit in 2008 since the euro’s introduction 10 years ago as higher oil prices boosted energy costs and the global financial crisis curtailed exports.
The region’s trade deficit of 32.1 billion euros ($40.5 billion) compared with a surplus of 15.8 billion euros in 2007, the European Union’s statistics office in Luxembourg said today.
The spreading of the global recession is curbing demand for European products, adding to pressure on the economy, which shrank the most in 15 years in the fourth quarter. Volkswagen AG, Europe’s largest carmaker, said deliveries fell about 20 percent last month and that sales in the export markets of Brazil, Russia, India and China have been “particularly hit” by the credit freeze.
Exports to the U.S., the second-biggest buyer of euro area goods, fell 5 percent in the 11 months through November from a year earlier. Sales to the U.K., the main destination for the region’s products, dropped 3 percent. Detailed data are published with a one-month lag.
Sales to China rose 10 percent in the 11-month period, slower than the 15 percent pace recorded in the first half of the year. Exports to Russia grew 16 percent, compared with 20 percent in the first half.
“In past years, investments in China, India and the Middle East led to strong demand for European capital goods,” said Carsten Brzeski, an economist at ING Groep NV in Brussels. “That demand has collapsed” and “will continue in the next months if you look at the new orders.” Bloomberg

Friday, February 6, 2009

A klinikai halál állapotában Lettország

Kutyaszorítóban a lett kormány, aki a pénzügyi válság kellős közepén hiába ütött nyélbe az EU-val és a Világbankkal egy szerződést 7,5 milliárd eurós hitelről, annak feltételéül szabott megszorítások miatt mindennaposak a tüntetések, a gazdasági zsugorodás idén kétszámjegyű lehet, és még jövőre is folytatódni fog a visszaesés.
Ivars Godmanis lett miniszterelnök és kormánya túlélte a bizalmi szavazást, miután a gazdatüntetések miatt lemondott mezőgazdasági minisztere. Az ország 1991-es függetlenné válása óta a legsúlyosabb helyzetben van. A gazdák traktorokkal vonultak fel Rigában, azt követelve, hogy részesítsék őket kárpótlásban jövedelmük csökkenése miatt.
A lett fővárosban egymást követik a tüntetések, az emberek a kormányt tartják felelősnek a válság nem megfelelő kezeléséért. A baj csak az, hogy senki sem tudja, mit lehet tenni. Rigának sikerült egy 7,5 milliárd eurós Világbank-EU hitelt kapni a stabilizáláshoz, de ennek feltételei - az adók emelése és a költségvetési kiadások drasztikus csökkentése - elfújták a kormány népszerűségét. Az áfát 18-ról 21 százalékra vitték fel.
Az éveken át Európa leggyorsabban növekvő gazdaságai közé tartozó Lettország a túlhevülés határán járó fejlődés után zuhant a mélybe. A Svedbank, a baltikumi térség legnagyobb hitelezője szerint idén valószínűleg 10 százalékkal csökken a bruttó hazai termék, és még jövőre is 2 százalékos zsugorodással számolnak. Ilmars Rimsevics, a Bank of Latvia elnöke szerint az ország a klinikai halál állapotában van, amikor csak néhány perc lehetőség van az újraélesztésre. Televíziós interjújában kifejtette, hogy ennek eszköze csak a hitelezés jelentős élénkítése lehet.
index.hu

Friday, January 30, 2009

Democrates' approach to EU

"I don't want to be too proud, you know, to be chest-beating about that, but I think the United States is the only nation that can lead the world..."
Al Gore
Link

Wednesday, January 28, 2009

Gazdaságélénkítő csomag

Az Európai Bizottság ma ismertette, hogy milyen projektekbe kíván beruházni a korábban meghirdetett gazdaságélénkítési terv keretében 2009 és 2010 között. A testület erre a célra ötmilliárd eurót különített el, melyből 250 millió euró jut a Nabuccóra is.
Az Európai Bizottság elsősorban a stratégiailag fontos energia- és távközlési infrastruktúra megerősítésére szánja ezt az összeget, melyek rövid távon is fontos ösztönző erőt jelentenek az uniós gazdaság számára. Az intézkedéscsomag valamennyi tagállamra kiterjed majd.
José Manuel Barroso, a Bizottság elnöke így nyilatkozott: "Elkészült azoknak a konkrét projekteknek a listája, amelyekre ötmilliárd eurót csoportosítunk át az uniós költségvetésből megtakarított forrásokból. Le kell vonnunk a nemrégiben bekövetkezett gázellátási válság tanulságait, és nagy összegeket kell fektetnünk az energetikába. Ezenkívül ösztönöznünk kell az európai gazdaságot, és a vidéki településeken is lehetővé kell tennünk az infosztrádák működését.”
A testület szokásos heti ülésén született döntés szerint a Bizottság 250 millió euróval támogatná a Nabbuco projektet – a tegnap véget ért, budapesti Nabucco-konferencián a résztvevők 200-300 millió eurót „kértek” a testülettől a prjekt elindításához.
Brüsszel 30 millió euróval támogatná a Románia és Magyarország közti gáz-összeköttetést, 25 millió euróval pedig a Nagykürtös (Velky Krtis) és Balassagyarmat közti szlovák-magyar vezetéket is.
A gázellátórendszerek összeköttetésére a testület összesen egymilliárd eurót fordítana a 27 tagállamban. Az elektromos rendszerek hálózati összeköttetéseinek fokozására 700 millió eurót szánnak.
Félmilliárd euró juthat szélerőműrendszerek fejlesztésére, ha a javaslatot a tagországok kormányai is jóváhagyják. 1,2 milliárd euróval a széndioxid megkötését és tárolását szolgáló beruházásokhoz járulna hozzá.
A távközlés területén elsősorban a szélessávú internetezést biztosító infrastruktúra kiépítését ösztönözné a bizottság, míg félmilliárd euró jutna az agrárreformok tavalyi felülvizsgálata során megállapított új kihívások kezelésére.
A Bizottság az energiapolitika 2008. novemberi, második stratégiai felülvizsgálatában hangsúlyozta az energiabiztonság kihívását. A nemrégiben bekövetkezett gázellátási válság még inkább felhívta a figyelmet ennek fontosságára. A jelenlegi gazdasági és pénzügyi viszonyok között különösen nagy nehézségekbe ütközik, hogy beruházót találjanak a projektekhez. Ezen kíván lendíteni az Európai Bizottság mostani javaslataival, amelyek hozzájárulnak az uniós energiahálózati összeköttetések hiányosságainak a felszámolásához is.
Az európai gazdaságélénkítési terv célul tűzi ki, hogy a szélessávú hálózatok fejlesztése révén 2010-ig elérjék a teljes, 100%-os nagysebességű internetes lefedettséget. A javaslat mellékletben megtalálható a Bizottság által előterjesztett energetikai infrastrukturális projektek teljes körű felsorolása.
Euvonal

Monday, January 19, 2009

Jelentős európai recessziót vár az unió

Idén meredeken, 1,8 százalékkal csökken az Európai Unió gazdasága, az eurót használó országoké pedig 1,9 százalékkal átlagosan - derül ki az Európai Bizottság hétfőn Brüsszelben kiadott gazdasági előrejelzéséből.
Az adatok szerint az unióban minden bizonnyal emelkedik a munkanélküliség és a költségvetési hiány, de csökken az infláció. A bizottság emellett súlyos bizonytalanságokra is int a közeljövőre nézve.
Magyarországon idén 1,6 százalékos esést jósol Brüsszel, míg jövőre kerek egy százalékos növekedést. Az államháztartás GDP-hez mért hiánya idén 2,8 százalékos lesz az előrejelzés szerint. A brüsszeli bizottság a nemzetközi pénzügyi, illetve gazdasági válság miatt döntött úgy, hogy a szokásosnál jóval előbb, május helyett már év elején készít egy gazdasági előrejelzést. Ebben tovább rontotta tavaly őszi, már eleve borús várakozásait.
Megállapította, hogy a korábban vártnál erőteljesebb lassulásra kell számítani, de 2009 vége előtt ismét növekedés várható. 2010-ben az idei 1,8 százalékos GDP-csökkenés után már 0,5 százalékos emelkedés várható Brüsszel szerint. Mindez a fokozódó pénzügy válság reálgazdasági hatásainak, a világkereskedelem és a világ össztermelése ebből következő súlyos visszaesésének, és egyes országokban a lakáspiaci korrekciónak tudható be. Az állami kiadások és állami beruházások azonban enyhíthetik ezt a problémát, és az inflációs nyomás enyhülése is hozzájárul a magánfogyasztás serkentéséhez - derül ki a témáról kiadott közleményből, amely azt is megjegyzi, hogy "a tagállamok által 2008 augusztusa óta bejelentett, saját hatáskörben hozott pénzügyi intézkedések körülbelül háromnegyed százalékponttal enyhítik a GDP növekedésének idei visszaesését".
A gazdaság hanyatlása az előrejelzési időszak során lényeges hatással jár majd a foglalkoztatásra és az államháztartásra - vélte Joaquín Almunia gazdasági és pénzügyi biztos. Hangoztatta azt is, hogy "a bizalom helyreállítása érdekében fontos, hogy a tagállamok kifejezett kötelezettséget vállaljanak a megbomlott államháztartási egyensúly helyreállítására amint a gazdaság visszatér a rendes kerékvágásba, mert így biztosítható az államháztartás közép- és hosszú távú fenntarthatósága".
Az előrejelzés szerint tavaly a növekedés a 2007-ben mért közel 3 százalékról 1 százalék körüli értékre csökkent az EU-ban és az euróövezetben egyaránt. Almuniáék szerint a tavalyi utolsó negyedévben világszerte jelentősen visszaesett a gazdasági tevékenység, és ez a tendencia rövid távon valószínűleg folytatódni fog. Tavaly a második félévben az euróövezet fennállása óta először süllyedt technikai recesszióba.
Az idén az EU-ban előreláthatólag 3,5 millió munkahely szűnik meg Brüsszel szerint. A munkanélküliségi ráta 8,7 százalékra nőhet az EU-n és 9,25 százalékra az euróövezeten belül, és a munkanélküliség további emelkedése várható 2010-ben. A rosszabb kilátások az államháztartási egyensúlyt is megviselik. Az EU tagállamainak államháztartási hiánya az idén megduplázódhat, 2009-ben elérve a 4,5 százalékos átlagértéket (az euróövezetben 1,75 százalékról 4 százalékra nőhet).
Az inflációs nyomás viszont gyorsan mérséklődik a prognózis szerint, a bizottság jelentős mértékben lefelé módosította őszi előrejelzéseit. Az EU tagállamaiban tavaly mért 3,7 százalékról (3,3 százalék az euróövezetben) idén 1,2 százalékra (az euróövezetben 1,0 százalékra) csökken. Az előrejelzés szerint Magyarországon idén 2, jövőre, 0,4 százalékkal romlik a foglalkoztatás, a munkanélküliek aránya 8,8, illetve 9,1 százalék lesz. Az infláció idén 2,8, jövőre 2,2 százalék körül alakul. Az államháztartás hiány a GDP-hez viszonyítva idén 2,8, jövőre 3 százalék lehet Magyarországon, míg a belső államadósság 73,8, illetve 74 százalékra nőhet.
Figyelő

Thursday, January 1, 2009

Euro in Slovakia

Ten years after the original 11 countries in western Europe set up a common currency, the monetary union is due to enlarge to Slovakia, as its 16th member state and the first in central Europe to switch to the euro.
"I'm sure this event will trigger a lot of positive expectations and positive results for the Slovak economy and citizens," EU economy and monetary affairs Joaquin Almunia told journalists ahead of 1 January.
"The Slovak economy was able to fulfil al the conditions required to join the euro less than five years after the country entered the EU and this had required a political will and a very dynamic economy. Now it's the time to reap the benefits of sharing the same currency," with 325 million Europeans in the 15-strong eurozone.
Who comes next?
As a significantly poorer country having transformed itself from a centrally-planned economy to a market economy, Slovakia's accession to the EU's monetary union has been watched closely as a test case for other states hoping to join. "Slovakia will be the key example in the future when decisions on future entrants are made because if the country functions smoothly, it will be a good argument for the countries in the same region," Zsolt Darvas, from the Brussels-based Bruegel think-tank told EUobserver.
He pointed out that Poland and Hungary are the most likely to join after their Visegrad neighbour, as the governments of both countries have indicated they would like to enter the so-called European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II), a fixed exchange rate waiting room for the euro.
As the candidates to join the European currency need to remain in the system for a minimum of two years, Mr Darvas argues that both Poland and Hungary could join the euro in three years from now. While Poland currently meets all necessary euro entry criteria, albeit with slightly high inflation, Hungary would have a problem with a public debt, currently at the level of 66 percent of GDP, above the eurozone's threshold of 60 percent.
The Czech Republic would also make it to the euro club without major problems according to several analysts. But just as in the UK, where some insiders say the government is considering such a possibility, the euro remains a matter of political division.
The Baltic states of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia have all joined ERMII but are currently facing problems due to the global financial crisis, so their original plans to adopt the euro in 2009 or 2010 have been postponed until an unknown date.
On the other hand, Denmark might be the next western European country to shift to the common currency area - also as an indirect consequence of the credit crunch and economic recession.
Euobserver

Wednesday, December 31, 2008

Did Sarkozy's stint change the EU for good?

IHT

Six months after France illuminated the Eiffel Tower in a deep cobalt blue to open its European Union presidency, the Czech Republic - which takes over the job in January - asked privately if the French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, would take part in a handover ceremony.

Sarkozy, came the polite but firm reply, does not want to be the person who switches off the giant neon EU symbol on the famous Paris landmark. The anecdote, relayed privately by an informed official, is telling. With his hyperactive political style, Sarkozy has dominated the European stage at a time of crisis and is making no secret of his reluctance to leave the limelight. "I have loved this job," Sarkozy told the European Parliament in Strasbourg on Tuesday in his farewell presidency appearance there.

What is less clear is whether his eventful six-month presidency has fundamentally changed the EU - and French attitudes to it - or simply given a restless leader a tool to burnish his image at home and abroad.



  • Few dispute that the French presidency had its successes. Although Moscow failed to implement the letter of a cease-fire in Georgia negotiated by Sarkozy, it did enough for the EU to resume formal partnership talks with Russia, the bloc's vast neighbor, key energy supplier and trading partner.


  • Then, as the international economic crisis took hold, Paris filled part of the vacuum left by the outgoing U.S. administration, helping convene a meeting of the most powerful global economies and coordinating a European response.


  • And last week Sarkozy persuaded all 27 EU nations to sign up to binding laws on how to cut carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent by 2020. Despite making compromises to industry, this still left Europe in the vanguard of efforts to curb global warming.


  • Sarkozy's leadership has helped to reconnect the French with the EU, just three years after France - a founding member of the bloc - shocked itself and others by rejecting the EU's constitution in a referendum. In a BVA poll published Tuesday, 56 percent of the French approved of Sarkozy's EU presidency, while his domestic policies remain deeply unpopular.


  • Sarkozy has also surprised some by forging an alliance with Gordon Brown, the British prime minister, even inviting him to a meeting of countries that use the euro, which Britain has shunned.


  • Not everyone is pleased of course. Relations between Paris and Berlin are frosty. At a meeting in London with Brown two weeks ago, Sarkozy made clear his exasperation with the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, for her reluctance to bolster government spending further to combat the slowdown, according to one diplomat who attended the meeting but is not authorized to speak about it.

"For six months he felt like the king of the world - Bush was a lame-duck president and he was in the driving seat of the EU," Moïsi said. "Now Obama is coming in and he is no longer president of Europe. He will not accept such a demise."


In some ways, Sarkozy has already forged a legacy. By lobbying for the G20 meeting in Washington in November and setting the stage for a follow-up in London in April, he has created a precedent that his successors cannot ignore. If the global economy continues to deteriorate, his ability as crisis manager might be called on once more


Sarkozy's main challenge...will be to maintain good relations with Britain, repair ties with Germany and then establish a close link with Obama. "Managing that equation will be key to his ability to remain influential beyond the presidency."


There is, however, a debate over what lessons to draw from the last six months. One of the deals struck under the French EU presidency was to pave the way for a second Irish referendum on the Lisbon Treaty - an accord meant to strengthen the EU as a world player that was rejected by the Irish in a first referendum last June.

Beyond squabbles, the main question, observers say, is whether recent crises suggest that Europe can operate as a bloc to balance the rise of the growing economic powers in Asia. Persistent divisions have weakened the EU's hand with Moscow. Tensions between France and Britain, and between France and Germany, have strained the EU's response to the economic crisis. In Paris, diplomats are optimistic. As one senior official put it Tuesday: "The French presidency has shown that when Europe wants, it can have a voice."

Sunday, December 21, 2008

New Romanian government

Emil Boc is the new Romanian prime minister. He has been sworn into his role. He is the youngest ever Romanian leader and will lead a coalition of the liberal and social democrats. Boc was the second choice of President Traian Basescu when Theodor Stolojan turned him down last week.
President Basescu said: “A compromise was needed in order to get through a difficult period, and I want to believe that this government will fulfill its mission until 2012.”
Boc says his goal is the stability of the country, to sort out the economic crisis, tighten state budgets, and introduce reforms, draconian ones if necessary. Boc says the aim is to get Romania out from under the watchful eye of the EU while continuing the drive for membership of the Eurozone. (Euronews)
-------------------------------------
Romania's parliament approved a new government on Monday after the prime minister designate vowed to cut public spending by 20 percent to try to deal with a looming economic crisis. Emil Boc's center-left government was approved in a 324-115 vote by parliament, after the two main coalition partners won 70 percent of seats in Nov. 30 elections.
"The crisis is not an excuse to not have reforms," Boc said before the vote. "We will have a measured government that will reduce costs by 20 percent." The new government "has two messages," he said: "More work and (we will use) the same cars, same offices and the same sofas."
The government was sworn in late Monday by President Traian Basescu. Boc, 42, heads the Democratic Liberal Party, which will control the economy, defense and finance ministries.
The other main coalition party is the Social Democratic Party. Its leader, Mircea Geoana, is the new head of the Senate. The new head of the lower chamber of deputies is a former Miss Romania, Roberta Anastase of the Democratic Liberal Party. (AP)

Saturday, December 20, 2008

Latvia Secures 7.5 Billion Euros in IMF, EU Loans

Latvia will receive a 7.5 billion- euro ($10.4 billion) loan from a group led by the International Monetary Fund and the European Union to help bolster the country’s economy and banking system roiled by the global financial crisis.
The financial assistance package will cover the period up to the beginning of 2011, the European Commission said in an e- mailed statement today. The IMF will provide 1.7 billion euros, the Nordic countries will together give 1.8 billion euros and the European Union will supply as much as 3.1 billion euros, with the balance covered by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the World Bank, Poland, Estonia and the Czech Republic, according to the statement.
Latvia, like Hungary, Belarus, Iceland and Serbia, turned to the IMF for financial support after its economy contracted 4.6 percent in the third quarter and the government was forced to take over its second-biggest bank. Fitch Ratings had previously estimated that the bailout could be about 5 billion euros, according to a baseline scenario.
Latvia’s parliament passed measures to slash expenditures and cut public sector wages by 15 percent in 2009, and to reduce the budget deficit to less than 5 percent of gross domestic product as part of the agreement to secure the loan. The austerity program is equal to about 7 percent of GDP.
Latvia may “have to adjust the budget even more severely,” should the economic contraction be deeper than forecast, Prime Minister Ivars Godmanis said at the news conference in Riga today. “These strong policies justify the exceptional level of access to Fund resources -- equivalent to around 1200 percent of Latvia’s quota in the IMF,” said IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn in an e-mailed statement today.
Latvia’s economy is expected to contract 5 percent next year, compared with a 10 percent expansion in 2007, as the cuts in government spending and revenue equal about 7 percent of its gross domestic product.
The 7.5 billion euro figure means Latvia is getting a bailout equal to about 33 percent of its estimated $30 billion economy, compared with Hungary’s $25.5 billion loan, which was equal to about 17 percent of its $147 billion economy, Ken Orchard, Vice-President and Senior Analyst at Moody’s Sovereign Risk Group, said in a telephone interview. Latvia has more short-term debt than Hungary, Orchard said. Before the EU statement was released, Orchard said he expected the loan would reassure financial markets.
Bloomberg

Friday, December 19, 2008

EU nations agree on new rules for fish catch

The European Union nations have agreed on changes to the way fishermen will hunt the Atlantic next year, hoping it will give threatened fish a sustainable future and fishermen more lucrative catches.
The 27 EU fisheries ministers agreed unanimously to contain the wasteful practice of throwing certain fish overboard because they do not meet catch quotas or commercial or environmental standards. The effort is top replenish dwindling stocks of fish. The rules agreed to for 2009 will allow fishermen to market more fish while catching fewer, the ministers said Friday.
AP

Thursday, December 18, 2008

A képviselők elfogadták az EU 2009-es költségvetését

Az Európai Parlament strasbourgi plenárisán megszavazta az Európai Unió jövő évi költségvetését. A kifizetések szintjén 116,1 milliárd eurós büdzsében a korábban javasoltnál több jut a növekedés, a kohézió és a foglalkoztatás támogatására.
A Tanács és az EP képviselői által november 21-én elfogadott tervezet szerint 2009-ben 116,1 milliárd euró lesz az Európai Unió költségvetése (a kifizetéseket tekintve). A kötelezettségvállalások szintjén 133,8 milliárd eurós a 2009-es büdzsé, ahogy azt az EP első olvasatban javasolta. A képviselők ugyanakkor kritikával illették, hogy a maximális kiadási plafon (kötelezettségvállalási szint) és a valóban felhasznált összegek (kifizetések) közötti különbség évről évre növekszik. A parlament ezért többek között a kohéziós alap hatékonyabb felhasználását és a költségvetés jobb felhasználhatóságának biztosítását várja el a Bizottságtól és a tagállamoktól. Az elfogadott költségvetés lehetővé teszi, hogy több pénz jusson a parlament által az első olvasatban prioritásként megjelölt területekre (ilyen például az első fejezet: foglalkoztatás, növekedés, kohézió, versenyképesség).
A korábbi tervezethez képest többet kap a műholdas Galileo-program, az EU határvédelmi ügynöksége, a Frontex is, valamint emelkedik az Európai Menekültalap, valamint az energiával, a klímaváltozással kapcsolatos politikák költségvetése is.
Euvonal

Parlamenti jóváhagyás a klímacsomagnak

A klímacsomagról az Európai Tanács múlt heti csúcsán született kompromisszumos megállapodást tegnap (2008. december 17.) az Európai Parlament is nagy többséggel megszavazta. Ezzel a döntéssel végérvényesen jóváhagyták az unió 2020-ig megvalósítandó, energiahatékonyságra, megújuló energiákra és a szén-dioxid kibocsátásának csökkentésre vonatkozó „húszas” keretcsomagját.

Kibocsátási kvóták: 2025-tól csak árverésen

Az Európai Tanácson született döntés szerint az uniós üvegházgáz-kibocsátást 2020-ra 20 százalékkal - szélesebb körű nemzetközi megállapodás esetén 30 százalékkal – kell csökkenteni. A kibocsátás csökkentésének kiemelt uniós eszköze az európai kibocsátás-kereskedelmi rendszer (EU Emission Trading System - ETS). Ebben meghatározzák a lehetséges maximális kibocsátást, a fel nem használt kvótákat pedig értékesíteni lehet. A rendszerbe tartozó gázok kibocsátását az ETS harmadik, 2013-tól 2020-ig tartó szakaszában a viszonyítási évnek választott 2005-höz képest 21 százalékkal kell csökkenteni.

A csúcson számos kelet-európai állam nyomására, ezen országok korábbi kibocsátás-csökkentésére tekintettel a csúcs résztvevői végül úgy döntöttek, kompenzációként az összes árverésen értékesítendő kibocsátási kvóta 12 százalékát újraosztják ezen érintett tagországok között. Jelenleg az ETS-be mintegy 10 ezer ipari, energetikai létesítmény tartozik. Ezekből származik az uniós üvegházgáz-kibocsátás mintegy 40 százaléka. A képviselők helyeselték, hogy az ETS-t újabb ipari területekre (alumínium, petrolkémia stb.) is kiterjesszék.

Az ETS első és második szakaszában (2005-2012) a kvóták nagy részét ingyenesen osztották ki. Az európai tanácsi megállapodás értelmében viszont 2025-ig (nem pedig 2020-ig, ahogy az a korábbi szövegekben szerepelt) kellene elérni, hogy az összes kibocsátási egységet csak aukción lehessen megvásárolni (2013-ig 20, 2020-ig 80 százalék a cél). Az energiaszektorban azonban már 2013-ig el kellene érni a 100 százalékos árvereztetési arányt.

Az egész rendszer számos kivételt tartalmaz. A képviselők az árverésből származó bevételeket - amelyek bizottsági becslések szerint 2020-ra éves szinten akár az 50 milliárd eurót is elérhetik - a klímaváltozás elleni küzdelemre akarják felhasználni.

Tagállami erőfeszítések az üvegházgázok visszaszorítására 2013 és 2020 között minden tagállamnak csökkentenie kell az üvegházhatású gázok kibocsátását azokon a területeken is, amelyek nem tartoznak az ETS rendszerébe. Ilyen például a közúti és tengeri szállítás, az építőipar, a szolgáltatások, a kisebb ipari létesítmények, a mezőgazdaság és a hulladékgazdálkodás. (Ez jelenleg az uniós összkibocsátás 60 százalékát teszi ki.)

Az EP támogatta az Európai Bizottság által javasolt nemzeti kibocsátás-csökkentési célértékeket, amelyek uniós szinten 10 százalékos csökkentést jelentenek 2020-ra. Magyarországnak 2020-ra a 2005-ös szinthez képest 10 százalékkal kell csökkentenie az ETS-en kívüli kibocsátását.

Szén-dioxid-megkötés

Az Európai Unió támogatja az erőművek szén-dioxid-kibocsátásának a föld mélyében történő tárolását, az úgynevezett széncsapdás tárolási technológia alkalmazását. A parlament támogatta a javaslatot, mivel egyes számítások szerint ez a technológia 2050-re akár 50 százalékkal is csökkentheti az uniós szén-dioxid-kibocsátást.

Megújuló energiaforrások

Az EP támogatta azt a célkitűzést, hogy 2020-ra az EU összes energiafogyasztásának legalább 20 százaléka megújuló energiaforrásokat használjon fel, az ezt szabályozó irányelvet 2014-ben felülvizsgálják, viszont a kijelölt célarány ekkor sem változhat.

Magyarország a 2005-ös adatok szerint 4,3 százalékon állt, a hazánknak kiosztott kvóta értelmében ezt 2020-ig 12,6 százalékra kellene feltornázni.

Az EP emellett támogatta az Európai Bizottságnak azt a javaslatát is, hogy 2020-ra a közúti közlekedésben felhasznált üzemanyagoknak legalább 10 százaléka származzon megújuló energiaforrásokból. A képviselők kiemelten ösztönöznék a második generációs - hulladékból vagy biomasszából, vagyis az élelmiszer-termeléssel nem versengő módon előállított - bioüzemanyag felhasználását.

Autók szén-dioxid-kibocsátása

Az előzetes egyezség szerint 2012-re a jelenlegi 160 grammról egységesen átlagosan 120 grammra kell csökkenteni az autók által kilométerenként kibocsátott szén-dioxid mennyiségét. 30 grammnyi csökkentést a gépjárműmotor technológiájának fejlesztésével, míg a fennmaradó 10 grammnyit egyéb fejlesztésekkel kellene elérni, mint például a jobb gumik vagy a bioüzemanyagok használata.
A hosszú távú célkitűzés szerint 2020-tól kezdve az új autók kilométerenkénti szén-dioxid-kibocsátása átlagban nem léphetné túl a 95 grammot. 2015-ig köztes célokat határoznak meg az autógyártók számára, 2012-től kezdve azonban - egyre növekvő mértékben - bírsággal sújtanák a megengedett határértéken felüli kibocsátást.
10 százalékkal kevesebb üvegházgáz az üzemanyagokból
A képviselők támogatták, hogy az üzemanyaggyártókat kötelezzék az üvegházházhatású gázok kibocsátásának 10 százalékkal történő csökkentésére 2020-ig, mellyel mintegy 500 millió tonna széndioxid levegőbe jutását lehetne megakadályozni.

Slovenia blocks Croatian EU talks

Slovenia has moved to block neighbouring Croatia from joining it in the European Union, in a continuing dispute over boundaries. Croatia began negotiations on joining the 27-member bloc three years ago, with further talks due on Friday.
But Slovenian Prime Minister Borut Pahor said Croatia had submitted maps showing boundaries Slovenia disputed as part of its pre-joining reform process. Croatia denied the claim and called on Slovenia to reconsider its move.
Mr Pahor said Croatia was using documents in negotiations that are prejudicial to the 17-year-old territorial dispute between the two countries - a charge Croatia denies. Croatian Prime Minister Ivo Sanader said his government still hoped to complete talks by the end of 2009 as planned and expected Slovenia to reconsider. "I'm not a big optimist when I say that, but I think that it would be good if they did that," he said, according to AFP news agency.
BBC