Greek Crisis at G8

The leaders of the Group of 8, emphasizing growth as well as fiscal discipline at their meeting on Saturday, made a strong plea for Greece to stay in the euro zone and the European Union. Despite efforts at official reassurance, no one really knows the consequences of a Greek exit from the euro zone, or how rapidly big countries like Spain and Italy, and their banks, will feel the effects.

However cavalierly some European officials talk of “managing” a Greek exit, the political and financial costs would represent a fundamental challenge to the European Union and its credibility, and the point of no return may be approaching faster than anyone anticipated.

“Anyone who thinks a Greek departure would be cleansing and not cause systemic contagion is deluding themselves,” said Simon Tilford, chief economist at the Center for European Reform in London. “Already we’ve seen a sharp increase in spreads and the beginnings of capital flight in other struggling euro zone economies,” with the risk of a full-blown banking crisis in Spain, where 16 banks and four regions have just been downgraded by Moody’s Investor Service.

The stresses on the system are now so great that to contain panic and contagion, while protecting countries too big to bail out, would require political choices and financial commitments that many countries, including Germany, Finland and the Netherlands, seem unlikely to make — the prime reason they would prefer that Greece remain.

The problems of Greece and Spain are complicated enough, but the pressure on euro zone leaders to resolve the evident contradictions in the common currency and to move faster toward more political and fiscal integration is rising by the day. The election of François Hollande, a committed European, as president of France may help push Berlin toward more collective responsibility for the euro zone, but Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany , with her own domestic political concerns, has rarely been willing to move quickly or boldly, which many believe has prolonged and deepened the euro crisis.

Even the British prime minister, David Cameron, warned Europe of the urgent need to fix its economic imbalances and structure. Britain is outside the euro zone and has no intention of joining, so Mr. Cameron’s words were resented. But they rang loudly. Europe, he said, “either has to make up, or it is looking at a potential breakup.”

While Greece is only a small part of the euro zone — and European officials concede it should not have been allowed to join in the first place — its exit is likely to be more expensive and complicated than figuring out a way for it to remain. That would subject, of course, to Greek voters producing a functioning government in new parliamentary elections on June 17.

Ms. Merkel is now talking of special stimulus programs for Greece to help ease the pain of austerity, but any new deal with Athens will have to be negotiated with a real government, and there is no guarantee that the next elections will produce a working majority. They might even lead to a governing coalition that is hostile to the loan agreement that Germany has insisted is not open to significant renegotiation.

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CNBC

Görög kormányválság

Görögországban ügyvivő kormányt neveznek ki, miután eredménytelenül zárultak a kormányalakítási tárgyalások. Francois Hollande és Angela Merkel kiáll Görögország euróövezeti tagsága mellett. 

A görög államfő hivatala kedden jelentette be, hogy eredménytelenül értek véget a kormányalakítási tárgyalások, ezért új választást írnak ki. A választásokig szerdán, május 16-án ügyvivő kormányt neveznek ki az ország élére. A hírek hallatára a piacok nyugtalansága növekszik, több elemző cég továbbra is a görögök euróövezetből való távozását prognosztizálja. 

A pénzpiacok nyugtalansága annak ellenére is nő, hogy Angela Merkel német kancellár és Francois Hollande új francia elnök a tegnapi napon kiálltak Görögország euróövezeti tagsága mellett. Angela Merkel elmondta: maguk a görögök is azt szeretnék, hogy hazájuk a közös európai fizetőeszközt használó uniós tagállamok között maradjon. Berlin és Párizs hajlandó támogatást nyújtani ehhez, akár „pótlólagos gazdaságösztönző” lépésekkel is, ha Athén ezt igényeli. Ugyanakkor a görög félnek be kell tartania a nemzetközi pénzügyi támogatáshoz kapcsolódó megállapodást – szögezte le.

Euvonal

EU Carries Out Airstrikes on Somali Pirates

European naval aircraft fired at a pirate base on the Somali coastline for the first time in an escalated use of force against piracy threatening oil shipments that pass the Horn of Africa.

A European Union naval force helicopter attacked the base early Tuesday, targeting several skiffs the pirates were storing in the area, officials said. Nobody was injured in the attacks, officials said. 

A new EU policy permits naval officials to shoot pirate strongholds onshore, as well as offshore, which has long been permitted. The EU's action and its move to publicize the shooting signaled the seriousness of its response to the continuing piracy problem.  

(...)
Link

EU predicts 0.3 pct eurozone contraction in 2012

The European Union estimates that the economy of the 17 countries that use the euro is in recession in the wake of a debt crisis that has prompted savage spending cuts and a jump in unemployment to record highs.

The European Commission, the executive arm of the EU, forecasts that the eurozone economy will contract by 0.3 percent in 2012 and grow by 1 percent next year. Its prediction for 2012 is far weaker than the one it gave last November, when it predicted growth of 0.5 percent. A year ago it was predicting growth of 1.8 percent.

Friday's forecasts provide clear evidence of the impact of Europe's debt crisis on the eurozone economy over the past year as governments have struggled to introduce deficit-reduction measures and business and consumer confidence has taken a dive.

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More...

Greek elections

Greek voters on Sunday (6 May) punished the two ruling parties responsible for the last EU bail-out and its austerity measures by giving the radical left the second highest number of votes and allowing a neo-Nazi party into the legislature for the first time.

Early official results after 10 percent of the votes were count show that the centre-right New Democracy party has gained the most votes (19.2%) but it is not enough to re-make the current ruling coalition with the Social Democrats (Pasok). Instead, Syriza, a coalition of radical left parties (16.3%) opposing the austerity rules of the €130 billion bail-out, but in favour for Greece to stay in the eurozone, pushed Pasok into third place. The right-wing Independent Greeks, a splinter party from New Democracy also openly against the bail-out, scored over ten percent. 

(...)

Vying with Syriza as the biggest news of the election is the score of the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn party. It is to hold 21 seats in the parliament after it convinced almost seven percent of the voters.  The Communist Party and the Democratic Left - bolstered by defections from Pasok - also scored above the five-percent threshold. They may be drawn into a leftist government if Samaras fails to form a majority and Syriza leader Alexis Tsipras is given the same task.

(...)

Euobserver.com

Francois Hollande lett Franciaország új elnöke

A hivatalos eredmények szerint a szocialista Francois Hollande 51,56 százalékkal megnyerte a francia elnökválasztást. A konzervatív Nicolas Sarkozy leköszönő államfő 48,44 százalékot ért el az elnökválasztás vasárnap tartott második fordulójában.

Hollande-nak államfőként a rekordméreteket öltő, több mint tíz százalékos munkanélküliség, a deficit és az államadósság lefaragása lesz a legfőbb feladata, valamint kezelnie kell a franciáknak a Brüsszel által megkívánt strukturális reformokkal és megszorításokkal szembeni, egyre növekedő elégedetlenségét is.

Francois Hollande egy korábbi beszédében mondta a következőket: „A forduló másnapján, ha mandátumot kapok, memorandumot fogok intézni az (uniós) államfőkhöz a paktum újratárgyalásáról.” Ennek négy fő pontja: eurókötvények létrehozása infrastrukturális ipari projektek finanszírozásához, az Európai Beruházási Bank finanszírozási lehetőségeinek felszabadítása, pénzügyi tranzakciós adó bevezetése, valamint az európai strukturális alapok fel nem használt maradványainak mozgósítása különböző projektekhez – mondta.

Euvonal.hu

Austerity topples Romanian government

Romania's left-leaning opposition will try to form a new government after torpedoing the centre-right cabinet in a confidence vote on Friday, the latest collapse of an austerity-minded ruling coalition in Europe.

Like other governments in the European Union, ousted Prime Minister Mihai Razvan Ungureanu's two-month-old cabinet has faced a wave of public anger against plans for spending cuts and tax hikes. Violent protests toppled his predecessor, Emil Boc.
"Today justice was done," said Victor Ponta, head of the left-leaning opposition Social Liberal Union (USL). President Traian Basescu, a political opponent, nominated Ponta to try to form a new government as prime minister.

The European Union's second-poorest member slashed public sector salaries and raised sales taxes to put its economy on a more solid footing, but the measures have hit the poorest as Romania emerges only slowly from a two-year recession. Ponta said he controls 228 seats in the 460 member parliament. He should be able to gain backing from smaller parties that will give him a clear majority. If parliament fails to back a new prime minister, an early vote would be held. The next general election is scheduled for November.
The International Monetary Fund, which with the EU has extended two loan packages to Romania, postponed a review there pending details on the shape of a new government. The deal is key to Bucharest's battle to maintain investor confidence. The IMF said it expected Romania to observe its economic policy commitments. The USL has more than 50 percent support in opinion polls. It has committed to work with the IMF, but if it takes power there will be uncertainty over whether it will roll back some austerity measures like wage cuts or hikes in sales tax. Reuters

Austerity talks collapse in the Netherlands

The ruling Dutch minority government was on the brink of collapse Saturday after anti-EU lawmaker Geert Wilders torpedoed seven weeks of austerity talks, saying he would not cave in to budget demands from "dictators in Brussels." 

New national elections that will be a referendum on the Netherlands' relationship with Europe and its ailing single currency are now all-but-certain. But before Prime Minister can tender his resignation -- possibly as early as Monday -- he must consult with allies and opposition parties on how to run a caretaker government that will have to make important economic decisions in the coming weeks and months. "Elections are the logical next step," Rutte said.

Opposition leader Diederik Sansom of the Labor Party joined others across the political spectrum in calling for new elections as soon as possible. "In the meanwhile, we in parliament will take responsibility for a careful budget in 2013," he said.

Austerity talks began in early March after the Dutch economy sank into recession and forecasts showed the 2012 budget deficit will reach 4.6 percent -- well above the 3 percent limit mandated by European rules. Dutch politicians have strongly demanded that Greece and other countries meet that target.

(...)

Rutte said negotiations had been rounded off Friday to deliver a "balanced package" of cuts, but Wilders walked out after discussing the package with his Freedom Party. Christian Democrat leader Maxime Verhagen accused Wilders of "political cowardice" for refusing to sign off on the cuts -- details of which have not yet been released.

Wilders was happy to take the blame, saying he "would not accept that the elderly in the Netherlands have to pay for nonsensical demands from Brussels." He underlined that an accord would have been possible had the coalition been less concerned with following European rules to the letter. "We don't want to bow to Brussels," he said. "We don't want our pensioners to suffer for the sake of the dictators in Brussels."

Wilders has long been a staunch critic of the European Union, opposing an EU constitution and last month suggesting the Netherlands should return to its pre-euro currency, the guilder. Most mainstream Dutch parties are generally pro-EU.

The collapse of talks could endanger the Netherlands' coveted AAA credit rating and drive up its borrowing costs. The Netherlands is one of only four nations using the euro that has the top rating, though it already is under review by rating agencies. Central Bank President Klaas Knot said last week borrowing rates would rise by 1 percent if the Netherlands' ratings are cut.

Once considered one of Europe's strongest economies, the Netherlands is suffering from high levels of personal debt, mostly mortgage related. Rutte came to power in 2010 and slashed spending by (EURO)18 billion. But after the latest downturn, he needs to cut at least (EURO)9 billion ($12 billion) more, according to estimates by the Central Plan Bureau, the government's economic think-tank.

(...)

Businessweek

EU suspends most Myanmar sanctions

The European Union agreed on Monday to suspend most of its sanctions against Myanmar for a year despite a dispute over a parliamentary oath between the army-backed ruling party and pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi. 
In the first clear sign of friction since Suu Kyi's party swept historic by-elections, the ruling party on Monday rejected her demand to replace the words "safeguard the constitution" with "respect the constitution" in the oath. Suu Kyi and party colleagues refused to take their seats at the opening of parliament, denting the image of political transformation Myanmar hopes to portray. 
(...)
One EU diplomat said the sanctions suspension did not mean Myanmar was a fully democratic country, and that it was up to the people there to work out problems like the oath. 
(...)
The suspension, which does not apply to a separate arms embargo, is likely to go into effect this week. It will allow European companies to invest in Myanmar, which has significant natural resources and borders economic giants China and India. The EU had frozen the assets of nearly a thousand companies and institutions, and banned almost 500 people from entering the EU. It also prohibited military-related technical help and banned investment in the mining, timber and precious metals sectors.
The EU is rewarding a shift that has seen many political prisoners freed and a range of repressive measures lifted.
More...

Spain Not Greece Is the Real Test

The decisive test of the euro area’s plans for economic recovery was never Greece but Spain, and the European Union shows every sign of failing it. The Spanish government’s new austerity plan hasn’t won investors’ confidence, and this creates a threat not just to Spain but to the whole EU. Europe’s governments need to change course before it’s too late. (...)
The problem is not that Spain’s new austerity plan is too timid. Just the opposite: Under EU orders, Spain is promising what might be the tightest fiscal squeeze that it or any other European economy has ever faced. The new plan calls for the budget deficit to fall from 8.5 percent of gross domestic product to 5.3 percent this year. Since the economy is already shrinking, this requires a discretionary fiscal tightening of roughly 4 percent of GDP -- with the unemployment rate already standing at about 23 percent. (...)
Spain cannot work through this crisis without more help from its EU partners. In their own larger interests they should allow a milder path of fiscal consolidation, and support Spanish growth along that path. That means steps to buoy EU-wide growth, including easier fiscal policy in Germany and easier monetary policy from the ECB. It means outright temporary fiscal transfers to Spain. Above all it means announcing that the ECB will act as lender of last resort to distressed euro-area governments.
Spain is being drawn into a vicious circle of economic, fiscal and political collapse. Even now, this is an avoidable danger, so long as the EU is willing to act. But if it stands aside too long and lets Spain fall into the trap, containing the damage will make dealing with Greece look like child’s play.
Bloomberg

Free trade or fair trade

Under pressure from French President Nicolas Sarkozy, the European Commission adopted proposals on March 21 that could shut foreign companies out of bidding for public contracts in the European Union unless their home countries provide similar access to European firms.
The EU executive, which has historically promoted free trade and opposed protectionism, insists the measure is intended as a crowbar to open lucrative government contracts in countries such as Japan, the United States and China, not to close EU markets. (...)
Critics, notably the free-trading British, say the proposals send the wrong signal and would put Europe on a slippery slope towards fencing off markets rather than opening them.
Germany, Europe's biggest exporter, is also unenthusiastic, fearing retaliation against its cars, chemicals and industrial machinery, which are still conquering Asian growth markets.
Sarkozy, who has long banged the drum for trade reciprocity and branded Europe "naive", has gone further and demanded that the EU adopt a Buy European Act similar to the Buy American Act reserving certain markets for domestic producers. (...)
Like many trade battles, the dispute pits the interests of producers against those of consumers and exposes the limits of Europe's ability to spread its own system of rules-based governance worldwide. A study produced for the French government argues that aside from public procurement markets, European manufacturers face a growing problem of "unfair competition" from countries with lower labor, environment and safety standards.(...)
Reuters

Egyedül alakít kormányt Fico

Az egyeztetések során bebizonyosodott, hogy a Smernek egyedül kell majd kormányt alakítania - mondta el a kerekasztal-találkozót követő sajtótájékoztatón Robert Fico. A kerekasztal-tárgyaláson az Irány - Szociáldemokrácia (Smer-SD) elnökének a meghívására vettek részt a parlamentbe jutott pártok vezetői csütörtökön Pozsonyban.

Robert Fico a tárgyalások után kijelentette, nem látnak okot arra, hogy változtassanak a kisebbségek jelenleg érvényes status quóján. Hozzátette: valószínűleg sor kerülhet a szlovák állampolgársági törvény módosítására. A Smer elnöke ennek részleteire nem tért ki.

A Smer vasárnap abszolút többséget szerzett az előrehozott szlovák parlamenti választásokon, a Híd biztos eredménnyel jutott a törvényhozásba. A Szlovák Nemzeti Párt kiesett a parlamentből, és nem került vissza a már a 2010-es választásokon is a bejutási küszöb alatt teljesítő Magyar Koalíció Pártja.

Robert Fico alig kétéves szünet után térhet vissza a hatalomba, miután a baloldali populista Smer a szavazatok 44,43 százalékát megszerezve megnyerte a szlovákiai parlamenti választást. 83 képviselőjükkel kényelmes abszolút többséget szereztek a 150 fős törvényhozásban, és nincs akkora terem a pozsonyi parlamentben, ahol elférne a frakciójuk. Fico titkos vágya is teljesült, a párt több mint egymillió szavazatot kapott, ugyanakkor nem jött össze a titkon remélt alkotmányos többség, melyhez Szlovákiában ez háromötödös többség, 90 képviselő kellett volna. A korábbi nyilatkozatok alapján nem volt elképzelhetetlen, hogy ehhez koalíciós társat keres magának Fico, ám csütörtökre kiderült, egyedül alakítanak kormányt.

index.hu

Jóváhagyták a magyar kohéziós pénzek felfüggesztését

Kedden délután döntést hoztak a tagállamok pénzügyminiszterei: az Európai Bizottság javaslatára a kohéziós forrásokból 495 millió eurót fagyasztanak be 2013. január 1-től, de csak abban az esetben, ha Magyarország nem tesz hatékony lépéseket a költségvetési hiány tartósan három százalék alá szorítása érdekében. A büntető intézkedést már idén júniusban hatályon kívül helyezik, ha Magyarország addig meghozza az elvárt kiigazító lépéseket. Az előző napokban még olyan értesülések láttak napvilágot, hogy a miniszterek szeptemberben térnének vissza Magyarország ügyére.

Hétfőn az euróövezeti pénzügyminiszterek a rossz deficitadatokat felmutató Spanyolországgal szemben jelentős megértést mutattak. Ennek nyomán kedden több uniós ország arra az álláspontra helyezkedett, hogy Magyarországgal szemben is méltányosabban kell eljárni, így a döntés a vártnál sokkal jobban elhúzódó vita nyomán született meg.

A Gazdasági és Pénzügyek Tanácsa ülésén Magyarországot képviselő Matolcsy György nemzetgazdasági miniszter szerint a magyar nemzeti érdekek és az európai uniós értékek szempontjából egyaránt olyan ésszerű megoldás született, amellyel megszűnt az országgal szembeni kettős mérce. Matolcsy az ülés után úgy fogalmazott: „első ízben tapasztaltam miniszterként, hogy az EU-tagállamok legalább kétharmada kiállt Magyarország nemzeti érdekei mellett”. Mint mondta, ez „megható volt és biztató”.

Navracsics Tibor miniszterelnök-helyettes a témában elmondta: most rendelkezésre áll egy viszonylag rövid idő, „ami alatt viszont bizonyíthatunk”, és a kormány elérheti, hogy ne függesszék fel a támogatások folyósítását.

A kohéziós alapra vonatkozó uniós szabályok szerint, ha valamely kedvezményezett tagállamban túlzott költségvetési hiány áll fenn, és az erről kiadott tanácsi ajánlást az érintett tagállam részéről nem követte eredményes intézkedés, az alapból az érintett tagállam részére tett kötelezettségvállalások teljes vagy részleges felfüggesztéséről határozhat, a felfüggesztésről szóló határozatot követő év január 1-jei hatállyal. A szabályok szerint ha a Tanács megállapítja, hogy az érintett tagállam megtette a szükséges kiigazító intézkedést, késedelem nélkül határoz az érintett kötelezettségvállalások felfüggesztésének megszüntetéséről is.

Euvonal

2nd term for Van Rompuy

Herman Van Rompuy, has been elected to a second term as head of the European Council, with his understated style credited with keeping the "show on the road" during the ongoing eurozone crisis.
With little ado, and early on in the EU leader's meeting beginning Thursday evening (1 March), the former Belgian prime minister - unchallenged - was tasked with carrying on for a further two and a half years.

The first ever to hold the post, which is vaguely defined in the EU's latest treaty as driving forward EU leaders' summits, Van Rompuy's take on the job has been almost complete political self-effacement in return for gaining the trust of the 27 leaders.

A measure of his success is that he was also appointed chair of the twice-yearly eurozone summits, a controversial new set-up contained in the fiscal compact treaty.

Szerbia hivatalosan tagjelölt

Az uniós vezetők megállapodtak arról, hogy Szerbia megkapja az EU-tagjelölt ország hivatalos státusát. Egyetértettek abban is, hogy szeptemberben döntést kell hozni Bulgária és Románia belépéséről a határok szabad átjárhatóságát biztosító schengeni övezetbe.

Találkozójuk első napján az uniós vezetők azért foglalkoztak a bővítést érintő kérdésekkel, mert az eredetileg tervezett időpontban, tavaly decemberben nem tudtak kompromisszumra jutni ezekben. A Szerbiával kapcsolatos döntést akkor a megnövekedett szerb-koszovói feszültség miatt kellett elhalasztani, a Schengenre vonatkozót pedig azért, mert Hollandia nem látta elégségesnek ahhoz a bevezetett romániai és bulgáriai reformokat. Egyelőre nincs szó arról, hogy az uniós csatlakozási tárgyalások is megkezdődnek Szerbiával.

Euvonal

Új fiskális paktum

A brüsszeli csúcstalálkozó második napján írták alá a tagállamok – Nagy-Britanniát és Csehországot leszámítva – azt a fiskális paktumot, amely garantálja a szigorúbb költségvetési fegyelmet.
A dokumentum hivatalosan a Szerződés a Gazdasági és Pénzügyi Unión belüli stabilitásról, koordinációról és kormányzásról nevet viseli. Az uniós állam- és kormányfők találkozójának második napját megnyitó aláírási ceremónián Herman Van Rompuy, a kormányfői tanács elnöke hangoztatta: olyan előrelépésről van szó, amely segít helyreállítani a bizalmat az EU Gazdasági és Pénzügyi Uniója iránt. A dokumentum megalkotását annak idején kezdeményező Angela Merkel német kancellár pedig az EU történetében mérföldkőnek minősítette az aláírást.
A paktumot magyar részről Orbán Viktor miniszterelnök írta alá, aki egy péntek reggeli interjúban elmondta, hogy az új európai uniós fiskális paktum segít az euró megerősítésében, ez pedig Magyarország érdeke is. Ugyanakkor kiemelte, hogy a szerződés Magyarországra csak azután vonatkozik majd, hogy csatlakozott az eurózónához.
A paktum szerint az euróövezeti országok vállalják, hogy államháztartásuk szerkezeti hiányát a bruttó hazai termékhez (GDP) képest legfeljebb 0,5 százalékon tartják. Emellett minden állam automatikus kiigazítási mechanizmus életbe léptetését helyezi kilátásba arra az esetre, ha a rájuk vonatkozó középtávú célkitűzéstől, illetve az ahhoz vezető korrekciós pályától jelentősen eltérnek. Ez a szerződés tartalmazza az úgynevezett adósságféket is, vagyis a belső államadósság szinten tartásának kötelességét.
A paktum előírja, hogy eurózóna országainak ezentúl évente legalább kétszer külön is tartaniuk kell legfelsőbb szintű tanácskozást, azon felül, hogy az EU évente legkevesebb négy csúcstalálkozót rendez. Az aláíró országoknak a megállapodás szerint alkotmányukba vagy más kiemelt törvényükbe kell foglalniuk a költségvetési fegyelemre vonatkozó utalást.

Euvonal

Euro area and EU27 GDP down by 0.3%

"GDP fell by 0.3% in both the euro area and the EU27 during the fourth quarter of 2011, compared with the previous quarter, according to flash estimates published by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In the third quarter of 2011, growth rates were +0.1% and +0.3% respectively.
Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, seasonally adjusted GDP increased by 0.7% in the euro area and by 0.9% in the EU27 in the fourth quarter of 2011, after +1.3% and +1.4% respectively in the previous quarter.
Over the whole year 2011, GDP increased by 1.5% in the euro area and by 1.6% in the EU27."
Eurostat statement
Itt a GDP adat!
"Tavaly a negyedik negyedévben a munkanappal kiigazított adatok szerint 1,5 százalékkal haladta meg a magyar gazdaság teljesítménye az egy évvel korábbi szintet. (A nyers növekedési adat 1,4%.) A GDP-növekedésre vonatkozó konszenzus előzetesen 0,8% volt, igen nagy bizonytalanság mellett: -0,1%-tól +1,3%-ig terjedtek az előrejelzések.
Az éves növekedési index harmadik egymást követő negyedévben áll 1,5 százalék körül, ami egyenletes növekedést sugall. A növekedés motorjaiban sincs nagy változás: elsősorban a mezőgazdaság, másodsorban az ipari export hajtja a gazdaságot. A negyedév/negyedév alapú növekedés 0,3 százalék volt."
Portfolio.hu

Romanian PM resigns over anti-government protests

Romanian Prime Minister Emil Boc on Monday (6 February) resigned together with the entire government in response to several weeks of anti-government protests. "I decided to hand in the government's resignation," Boc announced in a press conference in Bucharest, adding that he took this decision in order to calm "social tensions" and so that the "economic stability of the country is not affected."
The ruling party lost its majority in the upper house last week, after two MPs defected to the opposition, making it impossible for Boc's government to pass further austerity measures. Boc admitted the austerity measures his government had to take so far as part of an €20bn EU-IMF-World Bank bail-out have been "painful".
In 2010, his government slashed public-sector wages by 25 percent and increased VAT from 19 to 24 percent. But Boc insisted that the measures are paying off because Romania returned to economic growth in 2011 and is projected to have a higher growth rate in 2012 than eurozone countries. (...)
The Social-Liberal opposition is now calling for early elections and a transitional government under a technocratic leader. (...) General elections were supposed to take place later this fall and opinion polls put the Social-Liberal camp well ahead of the ruling centre-right party, at around 50 percent of the votes.
Euobserver

Gazdaságilag stabilabb Unió jön létre

Az uniós országok állam- és kormányfőinek informális csúcstalálkozóján jóváhagyták a pénzügyi stabilitási mechanizmusról szóló szerződést, döntöttek a gazdasági növekedést és a munkahelyteremtést ösztönző intézkedésekről, azonban a pénzügyi paktumhoz csak 25 tagállam csatlakozott.
A találkozó után kiadott közleményben az áll, hogy az uniós vezetők a gazdasági stabilizálódás jeleit látják az Európai Unióban, ugyanakkor a piacokon továbbra is feszültség és bizonytalanság tapasztalható. A tagországok komoly erőfeszítéseket tesznek annak érdekében, hogy kiegyenlítsék államháztartásuk egyenlőtlenségeit, és fenntartható módon konszolidálják pénzügyeiket, de a növekedés és foglalkoztatás terén további erőfeszítésekre van szükség.

Pénzügyi unió
Nagy-Britannia mellett Csehország sem csatlakozik egyelőre a szigorú költségvetési fegyelmet előíró új pénzügyi unióról szóló szerződéshez, azonban a többi 25 uniós ország a csatlakozás mellett döntött. Az új pénzügyi szerződés szankciókat ír elő a részes országokkal szemben, ha költségvetési hiányuk meghaladja a GDP 3 százalékát. A cél az úgynevezett kiegyensúlyozott költségvetés elérése, amit 0,5 százalékosnál alacsonyabb strukturális deficitszintként határoznak meg.
A szerződést elvben ugyan a 17 euróövezeti ország kívánja megkötni egymással - a pénzügyi fegyelem és a koordináció minden eddiginél szorosabbra fűzése céljából -, ám ahhoz csatlakozhat az eurózónán kívüli 10 további EU-ország is. A szerződést aláíró nem euróövezeti országokra a szerződésből folyó jogkövetkezmények csak akkortól élnek majd, ha a szóban forgó ország csatlakozik az euróövezethez. Kompromisszum született abban a kérdésben is, hogy a pénzügyi szerződéshez csatlakozó, de még nem euróövezeti országok képviselői részt vehetnek-e majd az euróövezeti országok csúcstalálkozóin. A hétfőn létrejött egyezség lényege az, hogy évente legalább két csúcstalálkozót rendeznek majd csak az euróövezeti országok számára és ezen felül lesz egy olyan csúcsértekezlet is, ahol az új pénzügyi uniós szerződést aláíró, de az euróövezeten kívüli EU-országok is részt vehetnek majd.

Pénzügyi stabilitási mechanizmus
Hétfőn jóváhagyták az állandó euróövezeti pénzügyi stabilitási mechanizmus (ESM) létrehozásáról szóló szerződést is. A pénzügyi fegyelemre vonatkozó megállapodás egy átfogó intézkedéscsomag részeként összesen 500 milliárd eurót irányoz elő Európa pénzügyi helyzetének orvoslására. Azon tagállamok, amelyek általuk nem befolyásolható rendkívüli körülmények által okozott nehézségekkel küzdenek, kérhetik, hogy a mechanizmus révén pénzügyi segítségnyújtásban részesüljenek. Ilyen körülmény lehet például a nemzetközi gazdasági és pénzügyi helyzet súlyos rosszabbodása.
A mechanizmus lehetővé teszi az Unió számára, hogy ezekre a körülményekre összehangoltan, gyorsan és hatékonyan reagáljon. A mechanizmust szigorú feltételekhez kötötten lehet igénybe venni annak érdekében, hogy a támogatásban részesülő tagállam megőrizze államháztartásának fenntarthatóságát és visszanyerje hitelfelvételi képességét a pénzügyi piacokon.

Munkahelyteremtés
A csúcstalálkozón az állam- és kormányfők megegyeztek abban, hogy korábban fel nem használt uniós forrásokat csoportosítanak át a fiatalok foglalkoztatásának ösztönzésére, valamint a kis- és középvállalkozások további támogatására. A résztvevők három területen sürgős előrelépést tartottak fontosnak: a fiatal korosztályok munkanélkülisége elleni fellépést, az egységes uniós belső piac kiterjesztését, valamint a kis- és közepes vállalkozások segítését. Megállapodtak a tagországok vezetői abban is, hogy minden tagállamban külön programokat állítanak össze a fiatal korosztályok foglalkoztatási gondjainak enyhítésére.

Új pénzügyi támogatási program Görögországnak
Még a héten megszülethet a megállapodás Görögország és magánhitelezői között, továbbá az Athént segítő új pénzügyi támogatási programról is. A csúcstalálkozót lezáró sajtótájékoztatón José Manuel Barroso, az Európai Bizottság elnöke és Herman Van Rompuy, a kormányfői tanács elnöke elmondták: azt várják az érintettektől, hogy napokon belül véglegesítik a megállapodásokat, és erre sürgetik a pénzügyminisztereket is. Az uniós vezetők szerint február közepére meg is kellene kezdeni a görög adósság átütemezését. Angela Merkel német kancellár a találkozó után azt ismételte meg, hogy Görögországnak többet kell tennie annak érdekében, hogy vállalásait betartsa, beleértve azt is, hogy az évtized végére fenntartható szintre csökkenti államadósságát.
Megerősítették, hogy Görögország adósságának részleges elengedése egyszeri eset, amelyet nem követnek hasonlók az unióban. A tagországok még ősszel állapodtak meg a magánhitelezőkkel a görög adósság részleges elengedéséről, de az elvi megegyezést azóta sem sikerült végleges formába önteni. Ugyancsak ősszel döntöttek egy új, várhatóan 130 milliárd eurós, többéves támogatási program összeállításáról.
Euvonal

EU unemployment hits record high

The number of unemployed people in Europe is reaching record highs as the economic crisis unfolds into one with significant social consequences. In eight member states alone, over 30 percent of young people under 25 are out of jobs.
The worst affected continues to be Spain where half its young are jobless. Images of long queues outside unemployment offices paint a bleak picture in the Spanish state where almost a quarter of all its citizens are unemployed.
Only Austria, Luxembourg and the Netherlands can boast an overall unemployment rate under 5 percent. The high figures - which analysts suggest are being compounded by the EU's focus on austerity measures to drive down government debt - have pushed the issue to the top of the political agenda.

(...)
The unemployment rate in the eurozone is the highest recorded since the euro was launched in 1999. Some 16.3 million people are unemployed across the 17 single-currency-using countries - the equivalent of almost the entire population of the Netherlands.
The unemployment rate in the EU 27 was 9.9 percent in December, with 23.8 million people out of work. November's figure increased from 9.8 percent to 9.9 percent. Spain, Greece and Lithuania recorded the highest rates. All three countries have imposed public sector layoffs and spending cuts. At the same time, Germany's overall unemployment rate dropped to record lows of 5.5 percent.
Euobserver

Croatia Says 'Yes' to EU Membership

Croatians voted in favor of joining the European Union despite a poor turnout for the referendum — a sign of how much the debt-stricken 27-nation bloc has lost its appeal within countries aspiring to join.

Croatia's state referendum commission said that with nearly all ballots counted, about 66 percent of those who took part in the referendum answered "yes" to the question: "Do you support the membership of the Republic of Croatia in the European Union?"

About 33 percent were against, while the rest of the ballots were invalid. About 47 percent of eligible voters took part in the referendum, illustrating voters' apathy toward the EU. That compares to 84 percent who voted in a referendum for Croatia's independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1992.

ABC news

Martin Schulz lett az EP elnöke

Az Európai Parlament kedden délelőtt Martin Schulzot választotta meg új elnökének. A német szocialista politikus a 670 leadott érvényes szavazatból 387 szavazatot kapott. Schulz elnöki mandátuma két és fél évre, a 2014. júniusi európai parlamenti választásokig szól.
Link

Három kötelezettségszegési eljárást indít Magyarországgal szemben az Európai Bizottság

Az Európai Bizottság három kötelezettségszegési eljárást indít Magyarország ellen - jelentette be José Manuel Durao Barroso elnök kedden Strasbourgban. A magyar kormány célja, hogy a teljes jogsértési eljárás lefolytatása nélkül megoldást találjanak a felmerült kérdésekben.

Az eljárások egyike a jegybank függetlenségét érintő szabályozással kapcsolatos, egy másikat a bírói tevékenység felső korhatárára vonatkozóan, a harmadikat pedig az adatvédelmi hatóság függetlenségére vonatkozó szabályokat érintően indítanak.A Bizottság döntött arról is, hogy közelebbi tájékoztatást kér a magyar kormánytól a bírói függetlenséget érintő egyes kérdésekkel kapcsolatban. Barroso elnök jelezte azt is, hogy Orbán Viktor miniszterelnök jövő héten Brüsszelbe látogat.

Mint a portugál politikus elmondta, a Bizottság remélte, hogy Magyarország végrehajtja szükséges változtatásokat. Eddig azonban ez nem történt meg - emlékeztetett. A végrehajtó testület közleménye szerint Magyarországnak a szokásosnál kevesebb ideje, egy hónapja van arra, hogy válaszoljon a bizottsági aggodalmakra. Minél gyorsabban megoldódik a helyzet, annál jobb - szögezte le Barroso. A Bizottság döntése az érintett magyar jogszabályok alapos elemzésén alapul - emelte ki.

José Manuel Durao Barroso úgy fogalmazott: a Bizottság szeretné elkerülni, hogy a kétely legkisebb árnyéka vetüljön arra, hogy "az európai család egyik kulcsállamaként" Magyarország nem tartja teljes mértékben tiszteletben a demokratikus elveket és értékeket. A Bizottság eltökélt abban, hogy biztosítsa: minden EU-tagállamban "betűjében és szellemében" teljesen tiszteletben tartják az uniós joganyagot, és ezt stabil jogi környezet garantálja.

A magyar kormány közleményében tudatta, hogy tudomásul veszi a Bizottság döntését a vizsgálatról. Ez lehetőséget ad Magyarország számára, hogy a vitát szakmai alapon, a konkrétumok talajára helyezve folytassa le, mégpedig az arra hivatott fórummal, a szerződések őrének számító Európai Bizottsággal - fogalmaz a nyilatkozat.

Euvonal

9 eurozone nations downgraded by S&P

Standard & Poor's said Friday that it has downgraded the credit ratings of nine euro area governments, including AAA-rated France and Austria. S&P lowered its rating for Italy, Spain, Portugal and Cyprus by two notches. The move means Italian bonds are now rated BBB+, dangerously close to the junk bond level that could make it even harder for the government to raise money.

France and Austria both had their top-tier credit rating lowered by one notch to AA+, said S&P. But Germany, Finland, the Netherlands and Luxembourg all maintained their AAA ratings. S&P cut the ratings of Malta, Slovakia and Slovenia by one notch.

The agency said at the time that it would conclude its review shortly after the latest summit of European Union leaders, which took place on Dec. 9.

European leaders have been banking on the new fiscal compact, announced at the December summit, to resolve the long running sovereign debt crisis. But S&P said the plan does not go far enough. "In our opinion, the political agreement does not supply sufficient additional resources or operational flexibility to bolster European rescue operations, or extend enough support for those eurozone sovereigns subjected to heightened market pressures," the agency said.

In response, Olli Rehn, vice president of the European Commission, defended European policymakers. He made a subtle dig, referencing an alert S&P accidentally sent to investors last year regarding France's credit rating. "After verifying that ... this time is not accidental, I regret the inconsistent decision earlier today by Standard & Poor's concerning the rating of several euro area member states, at a time when the euro area is taken decisive action in all fronts of its crisis response," Rehn said in a statement.

The plan includes €200 billion of loans to the International Monetary Fund to boost its contingency fund, possible sanctions if member states exceed a 3% deficit ceiling, and accelerated the creation of a permanent bailout fund that will run alongside the current European Financial Stability Facility for about a year.

CNN

Markets punish Hungary for power grab on central bank

The forint hit a record low against the euro on Wednesday (4 January) and Budapest's borrowing costs spiked as the Hungarian government remained defiant on EU and street protesters' calls to roll back controversial constitutional changes. The forint fell to 319.4 against the euro, a record low after a gradual depreciation of 20 percent in the last six months, while 10-year bond yields spiked to 10.5 percent, the highest since April 2009.
Hungary, the EU's most indebted eastern member, already saw its credit rating downgraded to junk in December and initiated talks for a standby loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).But the centre-right government led by Viktor Orban has pursued controversial legal changes to some of the country's independent institutions, including the central bank and media bodies, prompting IMF negotiators to walk out of talks.
Link

Banks queue up for cheap ECB loans

Over 500 European banks rushed to borrow almost half a trillion euro in cheap loans from the ECB on Wednesday (21 December), highlighting the credit squeeze on the market and only marginally increasing investor confidence that the central bank is mastering the euro-crisis.

The price in gold dropped slightly on Thursday morning and markets went up by an average of one percent in response to the cash injection, as 523 banks took a record of €489.2 billion at an interest rate of just one percent over three years - an emergency programme initiated by the European Central Bank.

So far, only short-term loans for up to a year benefited from these low rates. But the ECB decided to extend the period with many European banks heavily exposed to government bonds from troubled eurozone countries. This has led to decreasing inter-bank lending due to lack of trust in each other's capacity to pay back.

The ECB has been fiercely resisting pressure from southern countries and market analysts to step in and buy government debt on a massive scale, insisting that it can do so only to a "limited" degree and that it is there to salvage the financial system, not governments.In a speech on Monday in the European Parliament, ECB chief Mario Draghi warned of a credit crunch if his institution did not intervene to help banks out.

Preventing that from happening was his main task rather than expanding the bond purchasing programme, which was "neither eternal nor infinite." A June 2012 deadline for banks to boost their capital to nine percent risks forcing banks to "fire sell" assets at very low prices and to reduce overall lending even further, Draghi noted.

Euobserver

Europe's great divorce

WE JOURNALISTS are probably too bleary-eyed after a sleepless night to understand the full significance of what has just happened in Brussels. What is clear is that after a long, hard and rancorous negotiation, at about 5am this morning the European Union split in a fundamental way.
In an effort to stabilise the euro zone, France, Germany and 21 other countries have decided to draft their own treaty to impose more central control over national budgets. Britain and three others have decided to stay out. In the coming weeks, Britain may find itself even more isolated. Sweden, the Czech Republic and Hungary want time to consult their parliaments and political parties before deciding on whether to join the new union-within-the-union.
So two decades to the day after the Maastricht Treaty was concluded, launching the process towards the single European currency, the EU's tectonic plates have slipped momentously along same the fault line that has always divided it—the English Channel.
Confronted by the financial crisis, the euro zone is having to integrate more deeply, with a consequent loss of national sovereignty to the EU (or some other central co-ordinating body); Britain, which had secured a formal opt-out from the euro, has decided to let them go their way.
Whether the agreement does anything to stabilise the euro is moot. The agreement is heavily tilted towards budget discipline and austerity. It does little to generate money in the short term to arrest the run on sovereigns, nor does it provide a longer-term perspective of jointly-issued bonds. Much will depend on how the European Central Bank responds in the coming days and weeks.
Some doubt remains over whether and how the "euro-plus" zone will have access to EU institutions—such as the European Commission, which conducts economic assessments and recommends action, and the European Court of Justice, which Germany hopes will ensure countries adopt proper balanced-budget rules—over Britain's objections.
But especially for France, on the brink of losing its AAA credit rating and now the junior partner to Germany, this is a famous political victory. President Nicolas Sarkozy had long favoured the creation of a smaller, "core" euro zone, without the awkward British, Scandinavians and eastern Europeans that generally pursue more liberal, market-oriented policies. And he has wanted the core run on an inter-governmental basis, ie by leaders rather than by supranational European institutions. This would allow France, and Mr Sarkozy in particular, to maximise its impact. Mr Sarkozy made substantial progress on both fronts. The president tried not to gloat when he emerged at 5am to explain that an agreement endorsed by all 27 members of the EU had proved impossible because of British obstruction. “You cannot have an opt-out and then ask to participate in all the discussion about the euro that you did not want to have, and which you also criticised,” declared the French president.
With the entry next year of Croatia, which will sign its accession treaty today, the EU is still growing, said Mr Sarkozy. “The bigger Europe is, the less integrated it can be. That is an obvious truth.”
For Britain the benefit of the bargain in Brussels is far from clear. It took a good half-hour after the end of Mr Sarkozy's appearance for Mr Cameron to emerge and explain his action. The prime minister claimed he had taken a “tough decision but the right one” for British interests—particularly for its financial-services industry. In return for his agreement to change the EU treaties, Mr Cameron had wanted a number of safeguards for Britain. When he did not get them, he used his veto.
After much studied vagueness on his part about Britain's objectives, Mr Cameron's demand came down to a protocol that would ensure Britain would be given a veto on financial-services regulation (see PDF copy here). The British government has become convinced that the European Commission, usually a bastion of liberalism in Europe, has been issuing regulations hostile to the City of London under the influence of its French single-market commissioner, Michel Barnier. And yet strangely, given the accusation that Brussels was taking aim at the heart of the British economy, almost all of the new rules issued so far have been passed with British approval (albeit after much bitter backroom fighting). Tactically, too, it seemed odd to make a stand in defence of the financiers that politicians, both in Britain and across the rest of European, prefer to denounce.
Mr Cameron said he is “relaxed” about the separation. The EU has always been about multiple speeds; he was glad Britain had stayed out of the euro and out of the passport-free Schengen area. He said that life in the EU, particularly the single market, will continue as normal. “We wish them well as we want the euro zone to sort out its problems, to achieve stability and growth that all of Europe needs.” The drawn faces of senior officials seemed to say otherwise.
The 23 members of the new pact, if they act as a block, can outvote Britain. They are divided among themselves, of course. But their habit of working together and cutting deals will, inevitably, begin to weigh against Britain over time.
Mr Sarkozy and Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, have given notice of their desire for the euro zone to act in all the domains that would normally be the remit of all 27 members—for example, labour-market regulations and the corporate-tax base.
Britain may assume it will benefit from extra business for the City, should the euro zone ever pass a financial-transaction tax. But what if the new club starts imposing financial regulations among the 17 euro-zone members, or the 23 members of the euro-plus pact? That could begin to force euro-denominated transactions into the euro zone, say Paris or Frankfurt. Britain would, surely, have had more influence had the countries of the euro zone remained under an EU-wide system.
It says much about the dire state of the debate on Europe within Britain's Conservative party that, as Mr Cameron set out to Brussels, another Tory MP portentously invoked the memory of Neville Chamberlain, who infamously came back from Munich with empty assurances from Adolf Hitler. Mr Cameron may have made a grievous mistake with regard to Britain's long-term interest. But at least nobody can accuse him of returning from Brussels with a piece of paper in his hand.
Economist

Surprise victors in Slovenia poll

A centre-left party led by a prominent businessman and mayor has nabbed a surprise victory in Slovenian parliamentary elections, reflecting mounting concern among voters over the economy in the small EU country. Positive Slovenia, the party led by the former head of the country's largest retailer and mayor of the capital, Ljubljana, took 28.5% of the vote, according to nearly complete results.

The favoured conservatives were trailing with 26.3%. The leader of the Slovene Democratic Party, former prime minister Janez Jansa, conceded defeat and congratulated Zoran Jankovic for his party's win.
Positive Slovenia did not win enough votes outright to form a government on its own, setting up a scramble for coalition partners. In winning Slovenia's first snap election since becoming independent from the former Yugoslavia in 1991, Positive Slovenia will have to tackle the country's mounting debt, unemployment and a looming recession.
Mr Jankovic has promised swift reform, including austerity measures: "The results show that Slovenia will go in the right direction. It is obvious that the citizens want an efficient state." Serbia-born Mr Jankovic won prominence in Slovenia first as the head of the country's biggest retailer, Merkator, running the company successfully for eight years, before he was removed from the post in 2005 by Mr Jansa over disagreements that Mr Jankovic claimed were politically motivated.The 58-year-old economist has served as the mayor of Ljubljana since 2006.
The snap vote was called after the centre-left government of premier Borut Pahor was toppled over economic troubles and allegations of corruption. The state electoral commission said the turnout was around 65%. Mr Pahor has said that he has done his best as premier to battle the global economic downturn and the European debt crisis. Mr Pahor's Social Democrats were third with 10.5% of the vote, results showed. Mr Pahor said this was more than he had expected. He offered to meet Mr Jankovic to discuss possible future cooperation.

Press Associated

A korrupció lett a horvát kormány veszte

Nem sikerült hatalmon maradnia Horvátországban Jadranka Kosor kormányának. A négy pártot tömörítő ellenzéki győztes Kukurikú-koalíció nagyjából harminc mandátummal többet szerzett, mint a bukott kormánypárt. A balközép-liberális szövetség ilyen arányú győzelemmel egymaga tud kormányozni, de egyben egyedül kell választ adnia rengeteg politikai, szociális és gazdasági kérdésre.
„A legfontosabb dolog, hogy nem sikerült megalázniuk minket” – idézte a Reuters a távozó kormányfő szavait, amivel elismerte vereségét. A Jadranka Kosor mögött álló Horvát Demokratikus Közösség (HDZ) az előzetes eredmények alapján 47 parlamenti helyet szerzett szemben a Kukurikú-koalíció 76-78 helyével.
A vasárnap lezajlott választás klasszikus értelemben vett protestszavazás volt. A Guardian írása szerint a szavazók a gazdaság pocsék állapota, a magas munkanélküliség és elsősorban a hihetetlen mértékű korrupció miatt büntették a HDZ-t, akinek saját volt és jelenlegi politikusai is belekeveredtek jó néhány vizsgálatba.
A megörökölt problémák miatt a Kukurikú-koalíció valóban nincs könnyű helyzetben, de evvel ők is tisztában vannak. „Nem fogunk cserbenhagyni titeket ígérem. Lehet, hogy hibázni fogunk, de nem állhatunk egyhelyben. Nem lesznek kifogások” – nyilatkozta Zoran Milanović a kormányfői szék várományosa miután biztos lett választási győzelme.
Horvátország államadósság besorolása a Standard & Poor's elemzése szerint csak a BBB-kategóriát éri el, ami csupán egy szinttel van a bóvli szint fölött. A gazdaság a harmadik negyedévben a GDP-nek csak 0,6 százalékával növekedett, az előrejelzés pedig jövőre még kisebb, 0,5 százalékos GDP bővüléssel számol, a munkanélküliségi ráta pedig már így is 17,4 százalékos a Bloomberg szerint.
„A piacokat egy ideig fellelkesíti majd a koalíciós győzelem és a kellően nagy parlamenti többség” – nyilatkozta Tim Ash a londoni RBS elemzője. Ash szerint Milanovićnak arra kellene használnia az így nyert időt, hogy megegyezzen az IMF-fel valamilyen finanszírozási keretről. Ettől egyébként Jadranka Kosor korábban elzárkózott, de Milanović most érdeklődőnek mutatkozik.
Az esetleges IMF beavatkozást az ország egy éves GDP-jét elérő államadósság, illetve a 6,2 százalékos államháztartási hiány is indokolná. Ezekkel a mutatókkal pedig csak akkor lehet majd elkerülni a hitelintézetek leminősítését, ha szigorú, megszorításokat is tartalmazó, költségvetést fogadnak el márciusra.

www.index.hu

Maratonra nincs idő

Nicolas Sarkozy francia elnök csütörtöki és Angela Merkel német kancellár tegnapi beszédéből kiolvasható volt, hogy noha mindketten látják, az Európai Unió szerződéseit meg kell reformálni, abban még nem egyeztek meg, miként történjék. Amire talán sor kerül hétfőn, amikor találkoznak Párizsban.
felől, hogy euróapokalipszisről lehet szó, egyikük sem hagyott kételyt beszédében. A francia elnök a délkelet-franciaországi Toulon városában leszögezte, Európát a jelenlegi euróválság „elsöpörheti”, ha nem hajlandó a változásra. És ezt a változást heteken belül meg kell tennie. A német kancellár ugyanakkor Berlinben az euróövezeti tagországok integrációjának maratoni hosszúságú, évekig tartó folyamatáról beszélt, aminek hallatán nyilván sokak fejében megfordult a gondolat, vajon van-e még idő egy ilyen hosszú futásra, amikor a szakadék egy sprintnyi távolságra került. A francia elnök a kontinens elé vetítette totális hanyatlásának sorsát, amikor azt mondta: „Ha Európa nem változik elég gyorsan, akkor a globális történelmet Európa nélkül írják.” Majd hozzátette, Európának nagyobb szolidaritásra van szüksége, és ez több fegyelmezettséget jelent.
(...)
www.mno.hu

Crisis election changes political landscape in Spain

The Spanish conservative People's Party (PP) regained power and fringe groups did well in elections on Sunday (20 November). The PP as predicted won an absolute majority of 186 places in the 350-seat lower house - the best result in the history of the party.
The centre-left PSOE, in power since 2004, received just 110 seats - the worst result in the history of its party. Meanwhile, smaller parties doubled their collective seats to 54.
Euobserver

Agreement on EU budget 2012

The Council and the European Parliament reached an agreement on the budget for 2012 at their meeting in the Conciliation Committee on 18 November. The agreement limits the increase of payments to 1.86% compared to the 2011 budget. The two institutions agreed to curb the total amount of payments for the 2012 budget to 129.088 billion euros. This corresponds to 0.98% of the EU's Gross National Income (GNI) and represents an increase of 1.86% compared to the updated EU budget 2011.
The agreed payments increase remains below the latest Commission inflation forecast of 2% for the EU in 2012, in real terms corresponding to a reduction of the EU budget. The EU thus rallies to the important efforts made by member states to consolidate their national public finances.
To cope with unforeseen situations, the agreement secures an important margin (12.4 billion euros) below the payments ceiling of the multiannual financial framework (MFF). The MFF fixes maximum amounts for each broad category of budget expenditure for several years, currently 2007-2013. At the same time, the budget allows targeted expenditure to support measures in favour of growth and employment in order to prevent the EU from slipping further into crisis.
European Council

Berlusconi Expected to Resign as Debt Plan Passes

Marking the end of a tumultuous week and of an era in Italian politics, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was expected to resign on Saturday evening after Parliament approved austerity measures sought by the European Union.
The lower house passed the measures on Saturday by a vote of 380 to 26, a day after they were approved by the Senate, trying to keep a step ahead of market pressures that sent borrowing rates on Italian bonds skyrocketing last week to levels that have required other euro zone countries to seek bailouts.
The end of Mr. Berlusconi’s 17-year hold on Italian politics sets off the country’s most significant political transition in 20 years.
President Giorgio Napolitano, who as head of state will oversee the transition, was expected to begin consultations with party leaders to nominate a prime minishttp://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gifter immediately after Mr. Berlusconi’s resignation.On Saturday, the president appealed to lawmakers to put the country’s interests above their own. “All political forces must act with a sense of responsibility,” Mr. Napolitano said.
The front-runner to guide a new government appears to be Mario Monti, 68, a former European commissioner and a well-respected economist with close ties to European Union officials. On Wednesday, Mr. Napolitano named Mr. Monti a senator for life, an unexpected move seen as a prelude to receiving the mandate to form a government.
The mandate of the next government will be to push through measures to help reduce Italy’s $2.6 trillion public debt and increase growth to keep the country competitive. The austerity measures approved by Parliament include selling state assets and increasing the retirement age to 67 from 65 by 2026. They would decrease the power of professional guilds, privatize municipal services and offer tax breaks to companies that hire young workers.
Link

Papademos sworn in

Technocrat Prime Minister Lucas Papademos took office on Friday to save Greece from bankruptcy, heading a coalition cabinet filled with many of the same politicians who led the nation into crisis and pushed the euro zone to the brink of collapse.
As politicians in Italy pushed through austerity measures and contemplated an emergency government to stave off the crisis creeping deeper into the euro zone, Papademos said his priority would be to meet the terms of the country's EU, IMF bailout and pull Greece out of recession. "The final result will depend much on whether we succeed in stabilising the real economy, reining in unemployment and setting the ground to revive the economy and gradually boost employment in a relatively short time," he told his governing team in its first meeting. "That's why I would like to ask everyone to do his best in the next coming days, weeks and months."
More...

EU needs smaller, deeper group-Germany's Fischer

European Union with 27 members is incapable of agreeing needed reforms and the time has come to think about forming a smaller group of nations to advance the cause before it is too late, former German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer said.
"Let's just forget about the EU with 27 members -- unfortunately," Fischer said in an interview with the German weekly newspaper Die Zeit. "I just don't see how these 27 states will ever come up with any meaningful reforms."
Fischer, a strong pro-Europe voice in Germany as foreign minister from 1998 to 2005, said the EU was under threat at the moment because of the euro zone debt crisis and he criticised the German government for poor leadership."We've got the worst German government since 1949," he said, but added Germany was strong enough to cope with that.
"We've got to watch out that we don't lose Europe," he said. "At the moment there is a great risk of that happening. The continent will survive without the euro but it would then nevertheless be dead as a political and cultural project."
Fischer said an "avant-garde" of the 17 euro zone nations could effectively take away the power from the 27 states. He said the smaller group should form a tighter group, following the lead of the Schengen passport-free travel zone in the EU. "What we need now is a 10-point plan for Europe, for a political union," Fischer said, adding Europe was heading towards a "transfer union" in the future in which wealthier nations would provide assistance to the less prosperous. "Anyone who denies that is just lying to themselves," Fischer said. Germans are nevertheless overwhelmingly opposed to any system where wealthier countries are obligated to support the poorer states.
Fischer said a euro chamber was worth considering, a body in which leaders from the national parliaments would take part. They would thus hold dual national and European responsibilities, Fischer said. "So those who have a say in their parliaments back home can also have a say in Europe," Fischer said.
Reuters

National unity government in Greece

Greece’s two mainstream political parties have agreed on a narrow pact for a national unity government after intense pressure from the EU, which warned that the country would be left to go bankrupt, perhaps within days, if a cross-party consensus was not achieved.

The centre-left prime minister, George Papandreou, loathed by millions of his fellow citizens for the imposition of far-reaching spending cuts, is to step aside once the new administration is in place, although who is to replace him has yet to be decided.

The coalition is tasked with approving a €130 billion EU-IMF bail-out deal, the second the country has been saddled with in the past two years, a package that will ensure that it is able to avoid bankruptcy and pay its largely central European creditors in return for years of austerity measures and international supervision of its finances.

The new administration will comprise the governing social democrats of Pasok and the right-wing New Democracy party. Papandreou had earlier approached Laos, a far-right religious party in the parliament and the Democratic Alliance, a small free-market liberal breakaway from the conservatives, to shore up his 152-seat majority in the 300-member house.

On Sunday, EU economy chief Olli Rehn had made it clear that without a coalition government, Greece would be cast adrift. He gave the country’s political elite hours to come up with a deal, ahead of a meeting of EU finance ministers on Monday evening.

Talks on a national unity government came after a long drama played out in the Greek parliament on friday. Papandreu survived a confidence vote on his government after a contentious move to hold a referendum on the Greek rescue deal put together in Brussels last week.

Europe delivered a stark ultimatum to Greece on Wednesday night, demanding that the country’s planned referendum ask plainly whether the country’s citizens wish to stay in the euro or to get out. "The question is whether Greece remains in the eurozone, that is what we want. But it is up to the Greek people to answer that question," Sarkozy said, adding that Greece would not receive "a single cent" if it does not adhere to the bail-out plan agreed last week.

Following the European reactions Papandreou has backed away from holding a referendum on a €130 EU bail-out deal and has agreed to talks with the conservative opposition over the construction of a transitional government leading to early elections.

Source: Euobserver

La BCE a abaissé ses taux

La Banque centrale européenne a réduit le taux de refinancement de 0,25 point à 1,25%. Économistes et marchés espéraient un geste de la part de la BCE en faveur des pays en difficulté de la zone euro, mais pas forcément sur les taux dès ce mois-ci. Mario Draghi a cependant rappelé les conditions du programme de rachat d'obligations d'Etats, à savoir "temporaire, limité quant au montant et justifié par le rétablissement du fonctionnement de la transmission de la politique monétaire par ses canaux ordinaires", mettant fin ainsi aux spéculations sur un renforcement de ce programme.
A la surprise générale, la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) a abaissé jeudi son principal taux directeur à 1,25%, a annoncé l'une de ses porte-parole, contre 1,5% précédemment. La BCE a également abaissé de 25 points de base ses deux autres taux directeurs, à savoir le taux de dépôt au jour le jour, qui est désormais de 0,5% contre 0,75% précédemment, ainsi que son taux de prêt marginal, passé à 2% contre 2,25% auparavant.
Economistes et marchés espéraient un geste de la part de la BCE en faveur des pays en difficulté de la zone euro, mais pas forcément sur les taux dès ce mois-ci.
L'echo

Euro Summit 27.10.2011

EU leaders agree on measures to provide more support for countries with debt problems and restore financial stability to Europe.

The decisions made on 26 October are in response to the debt crises affecting some eurozone countries. These crises threaten to undermine economic stability in the whole currency area, and by extension other EU countries. ‘The package we have agreed is a comprehensive package that confirms that Europe will do what it takes to safeguard financial stability,’ said Commission president José Manuel Barroso.
1) More loans for Greece
A sustainable solution to help Greece recover includes a new loan of up to €100bn from the EU and the IMF. Banks and other private creditors have agreed to write off 50% of Greek debt. The package aims to help Greece reduce its public debt to 120% of gross domestic product by 2020.
2) Better crisis support
Leaders agreed to enlarge the EU’s main debt support fund, the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), without extending member countries' commitments. The fund’s lending capacity will be boosted to about one trillion euros – a fivefold increase – using private market tools.
3) Bank reforms
Governments will provide guarantees for banks affected by the sovereign debt crisis. These guarantees will be coordinated at EU level. They will allow banks to continue to provide the loans needed for growth and job creation. A temporary measure will require banks to increase their capital base to 9% by June 2012. Banks should reduce dividends paid to investors and bonuses to staff until they reach the 9% target. This recapitalisation will strengthen the banking system. Banks will first use private sources of capital, with national governments providing support if necessary. Loans can also be made through the EFSF, as a last resort.
4) Stronger economic governance
Eurozone countries also approved measures to improve economic governance. There will be more coordination of economic and national budget policies, along with increased monitoring to ensure the measures are implemented. The eurozone will seek closer economic integration. A report on implementing the agreed measures will be completed by March 2012.
Commission website

EU states to speed up austerity, embrace 'limited' treaty change

Leaders of the EU's 27 member states met on Sunday (23 October) with little fresh to show in the face of the biggest crisis in the bloc's history, but did back a "limited" change to the EU treaty to deliver stronger economic convergence amongst eurozone countries.
At the crisis meeting in the EU capital, the bloc's premiers and presidents agreed to speed up already-agreed-to austerity and structural adjustment measures and to seek new "growth-enhancing" measures, such as unifying the bloc's still-fragmented market in digital products and services and cutting regulations on small businesses.

But on the core issues of what leaders have described as a "comprehensive" package aiming to draw a line under the eurozone debt crisis - including how to leverage the bloc's rescue fund to a size that can protect Italy and Spain from contagion, and the scale of the write-down to be imposed on holders of Greek bonds - there was no agreement.
The president of the EU Council, Herman Van Rompuy, told reporters in a pause between the closing of a meeting of the full EU 27 chiefs and a smaller meeting of the eurozone's 17 leaders, that "good progress" was made, with the bulk of the discussion so far focussed on the issue of a recapitalisation of Europe’s banks.
It is understood that leaders have converged on a sum of €107 or €108 billion in a scheme for a second round of bank bail-outs. Under the plans, troubled financial institutions must first attempt to raise fresh cash from markets. If unable to do so, national governments will then have to provide back-stops. Only if governments are too weak to be able to perform this task will the eurozone's rescue fund, the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), step into the breach. However, no final agreement has been reached on bank recapitalisation, and details will only be released after a meeting of European finance ministers and a second pair of EU and eurozone summits - all of which will take place on Wednesday.

The leaders did back a "limited treaty change" that will involve tightening fiscal discipline and deepening economic union. "'Limited' means not a general overhaul of the architecture found in the Lisbon Treaty,” said Van Rompuy. "What is most important is not to change the treaty but to strengthen economic convergence," he said, adding however that such a change is "not a taboo." The leaders said in a joint communique "that any treaty change must be decided by the 27 member states" and not just the 17 in the eurozone. The leaders will take a decision on treaty change in December based on recommendations from President Van Rompuy and the chair of the eurogroup of states, Luxembourgish Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker.

A new fiscal discipline 'super-commissioner' in the euro area is also to be created. The leaders "welcomed" the idea of strengthening the powers of a commissioner with added competence of "closer monitoring and additional enforcement." This chimes with a proposal from the Netherlands in September that a commission could upon the support of a majority of eurozone countries make a heavily indebted state a "ward" of the EU executive, whereby all economic decisions would be taken out of the hands of the country concerned and vested instead in the super-commissioner. Finland, Germany and the commission have backed versions of the plan.

A completely new post is also to be created, that of "president of the Euro summit", which will be elected by euro-area premiers and president at the same time that the president of the European Council is appointed. The next such appointment is to take place mid-2012. Until then, the current president, Herman Van Rompuy, will play this role.

The summit chiefs are also exploring the possibility of a massive new fund alongside the zone's existing rescue mechanism, hoping to tap trillions from sovereign wealth funds owned by the likes of Norway, Singapore and China that could be used to purchase government debt from in troubled states.

The existing rescue outfit, the EFSF, would offer insurance up to around 20 percent against losses government bonds purchased by the new fund, or 'Special Purpose Vehicle', extending the firepower of the EFSF to as much as €1 trillion. Such a plan, involving investment via the International Monetary Fund with 'Brics' involvement - referring to the emerging powers of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa - is "on the table", an EU official told this website.

Pressure piled on Italy

Immediately after the meeting of all 27 member states, the 17 countries in the euro area met to continue discussions. Following the eurozone meeting at a late night press conference, no fresh breakthroughs were announced. The two EU presidents told reporters simply that talks were advancing.

However, while Italy was not mentioned by name, in a pointed reference to the country, Van Rompuy said: “All member states need to give clear signals of their commitment" regarding public finances by Wednesday, “and this is understood by everybody.”

German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy held a brief but sharp private meeting with the Italian Prime Minister early on Sunday, demanding that he take tougher austerity measures than he so far has implemented.

In return for Italy receiving assistance from the European Central Bank late in the summer via vast purchases of government debt in order to temper the country’s borrowing costs, Rome committed to a series of stringent austerity measures. But divisions in his government have slowed down the pace of their implementation. Last week, Berlusconi was forced to hold a vote of confidence to prove that he still commanded sufficient support in parliament to push through cuts and structural adjustment.

Euobserver

Slovak parties reach deal on EU bail-out fund

The Slovak parliament is set to approve legislation backing a strengthening of the eurozone’s €440 billion rescue fund after the centre-left opposition said it would back a fresh version of the bill in return for early elections. (...)
“The agreement makes it possible that either tomorrow night or at the latest Friday morning the fund and the laws tied to it will be approved,” he (Robert Fico) said. “Slovakia will ratify the bail-out mechanism without any problems.”
In return for Smer’s support, the three centre-right coaliion parties that backed the EFSF changes - the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union (SDKÚ), the Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) and Most-Híd - had to agree to elections that will take place on 10 March.
The cabinet is set to propose a constitutional law to bring forward the election schedule, a bill that is to be passed via a fast-track procedure, according to local reports. Once the election bill has been approved, Smer, which had abstained in the first vote on the EFSF changes on Tuesday evening, will now give its blessing to the alteration of the bail-out fund.

(...)

Euobserver

Megbukott a szlovák kormány

Nem kapott elég szavazatot az eurós mentőcsomaggal egybekötött bizalmi szavazás a szlovák parlamentben, ezért Iveta Radičová miniszterelnöknek be kell adnia lemondását az államfőnek. A következő lépés innen Ivan Gašparovič kezében van, kisebbségi kormány, nagykoalíció is jöhet, de a helyzet mindenképpen az ellenzéki, Robert Fico vezette Smernek kedvez.
Be kell adnia lemondását Iveta Radičová szlovák miniszterelnöknek, miután a parlament nem szavazta meg az eurós mentőcsomagot, amelyet kedden délelőtt a kormányról szóló bizalmi szavazással kötött össze a kormányfő. Ezzel ő a második szlovák miniszterelnök Vladimir Meciar 1994-es bukása óta, aki lemondásra kényszerült.
Az éjszakába nyúló vita után megtartott kedd esti szavazáson a 150-ből 124 képviselő igazolta jelenlétét, de csak ötvenöten szavaztak a kezdeményezés mellett, az elfogadáshoz 76 szavazatra lett volna szükség, írja a Bumm.sk. A miniszterelnököt delegáló Szlovák Kereszténydemokrata Unió (SDKÚ), a Kereszténydemokrata Mozgalom (KDH) és a Híd összes képviselője igennel szavazott, ez azonban nem volt elegendő.

A négypárti kormánykoalícióból a Szabadság és Szolidaritás (SaS) már előre jelezte, hogy nem hajlandó megszavazni a mentőcsomagot, mert az szerintük ellentétes lenne a kormányprogram több elemével. Richard Sulík házelnök, a párt elnöke hangsúlyozta, hogy kiálltak Radičová mögött, és a reformok folytatását szeretnék, de úgy vélte, hogy reáljövedelmeikhez képest nekik kellene a legtöbbet fizetniük az egész eurózónában. Úgyszintén nem adta le szavazatát a Hídon belüli minifrakció, a Polgári Demokrata Párt (OKS) négy képviselője közül három, valamint ugyanilyen arányban az SaS listáján parlamentbe kerülő Egyszerű Emberek minifrakció zöme sem. Ján Slota pártjának képviselői nemmel szavaztak. Az ellenzéki Smer, élén Robert Ficóval a Bumm.sk szerint azzal indokolta tartózkodását, hogy noha az eurósáncot támogatják, a kormányt azonban nem, így az eredeti voksolás összevonása a bizalmi szavazással nem hagyott nekik választást.
index.hu

Eurozone ministers delay Greek bailout

Eurozone finance ministers postponed until November a decision on releasing the next tranche of last year's €110 billion EU and IMF Greek bailout. Despite assertions by Greece that it will run out of funds by mid-October if it does not receive the €8 billion installment, the finance ministers said they would first push for more austerity measures from the indebted state.

The ministers also said they would wait for a verdict from representatives of the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF–the so-called troika–to determine Greece's eligibility for more funding. The chair of the eurozone finance ministers, Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, insisted Greece had the financial means (DeutscheWelle) to get through to November.

Juncker added that the ministers were reassessing the terms (Reuters) of a € 109 billion second Greek bailout, tentatively agreed upon in July. Ministers are considering more private-sector involvement, which could amount to an orderly restructuring of Greek debt.

European bank stocks, heavily exposed to eurozone sovereign debt, continued to fall. Shares in French-Belgian bank Dexia (WSJ) dropped 17 percent, as the French and Belgian governments said they would take all necessary measures to shore up the bank.

A drought in wholesale financing is merely the symptom of a much deeper problem–the crisis of confidence over sovereign debt. The markets simply do not have faith that a divided and hesitant Europe will be able to meet the challenge of contagion should Greece default, argues this Financial Times editorial. In addition to Greece missing its deficit targets, the country's continued economic contraction has multiplied doubts as to the wisdom of saving Greece at all, says Der Spiegel.

CNN

Greece will not meet deficit targets

The Greek finance ministry on Sunday (2 October) conceded that the government will not be able to meet the deficit reduction targets imposed by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund for this year or next.

The shortfall between spending and revenues will amount to 8.5 percent of GDP in 2011, considerably wider than the 7.6 target set by international lenders. In 2012, the government will be able to reduce the deficit to 6.8 percent of GDP, but this figure still comes short of the 6.5 percent demanded by Brussels and Washington.

The news comes as Athens unveiled further details on its plan to trim the public-sector wage bill by placing 30,000 workers into a so-called labour reserve pool. These workers will see their salaries slashed by 40 percent ahead of a presumed dismissal within a year. (...)

Euobserver

Parliament gives green light to future economic governance plans

Eurozone members will no longer be able simply to ignore Commission warnings to correct their budgetary policies. The economic governance legislation voted in plenary on Wednesday should also help ensure that countries tackle unsound economic policies more promptly, considerably increases transparency and accountability and will improve the compilation of statistics to make them more reliable and accurate.

The vote came two weeks after certain Member States, led by France, climbed down from their insistence that a warning to a country would require approval by the Council. MEPs feared that this would lead to back-room deals in which countries needing to reform their budgetary policies would be let off the hook. Instead, the agreement will force Eurozone governments to muster a majority to block a warning being issued. Neither can the governments opt to do nothing, since such a warning will in any event be issued if the vote is not taken within 10 days of it being proposed by the Commission. And if governments do vote to reject a warning, they will need to explain themselves to the European Parliament in public.

Parliament also won the right to invite finance ministers from countries that have received a warning to hearings. Member States long insisted that this should not be the case.

MEPs also negotiated that the Commission would look not only at countries with a trade deficit, but also at those running current account surpluses, when investigating the sources of macroeconomic instability. Member States had initially insisted that only current account deficit countries would be investigated. The agreed rules will therefore require the Commission to consider the possibility that countries like Germany or the Netherlands are a cause of instability and reforms could be asked of them too.

Apart from the issues settled, many other improvements were brought about by pressure from MEPs:

• putting into law the European semester (annual assessment of national budgets for economic policy coordination), through its inclusion in the legal texts. This will give the procedure much more weight and bite,
• establishing a legal framework for the surveillance of the national reform programmes
• increased powers for the Commission, which can ask for more information to be supplied to it than envisaged in the original proposals and through on the spot checks to Member States,
• A new fine (0.2% GDP) for Eurozone members which supply fraudulent statistics with regard to data on deficits and debt,
• an interest-bearing deposit sanction (0.1% GDP) for Eurozone members in cases where a Member State fails to act on recommendations to rectify a macroeconomic imbalance.
• greater independence of statistical bodies and standards for the compilation of statistics, and
• safeguarding social bargaining processes and wage setting agreements when delivering recommendations.

Link

Barroso: Eddigi legnagyobb válságát éli az EU

Történetének legnagyobb kihívásával néz szembe jelenleg az Európai Unió, José Manuel Barroso, az Európai Bizottság elnöke szerint. Az Európai Parlament strasbourgi plenáris ülésén az EU általános "állapotáról" szerdán elmondott beszédében Barroso azt mondta, nemcsak gazdasági és szociális krízis sújtja az EU-t, hanem bizalmi válság is. ...
Javasolják a Tobin-adó bevezetését
Barroso bejelentette, hogy az Európai Bizottság szerdán elfogadta a pénzügyi tranzakciókra kivetendő illetékekre vonatkozó javaslatot. "Itt az ideje, hogy a pénzügyi szektor hozzájáruljon az Unió fejlesztéséhez, miután az elmúlt években ez az ágazat több ezer milliárd eurónyi támogatást és garanciát kapott a tagországoktól" - mondta a politikus. Az új adótól évi 55 milliárd euró pluszbevételt vár az EU. A bizottsági javaslatot a tagállamoknak is jóvá kell hagyniuk ahhoz, hogy a tranzakciós adó bevezethető legyen. Több tagállam azonban egyelőre nem ért egyet ezzel a lépéssel - elsősorban Nagy-Britannia, amely a londoni pénzügyi központ érdekeit félti. Az Independent internetes oldalán megjelent cikk szerint biztosra vehető a konfliktus a brit kormány és az EU vezetői között ebben a kérdésben.
Origo

Megbukott a szlovén kormány

A szociáldemokrata Borut Pahor vezette testület távozására 51, maradására 36 képviselő szavazott. A döntés miatt lehetséges, hogy előre hozott választásokat kell tartani, az elsőt Szlovéniában azóta, hogy az ország 1991-ben függetlenné vált, kiválva Jugoszláviából.
A kormány iránti bizalmatlanság kinyilvánítása nem vonja automatikusan maga után rendkívüli választások kiírását. A kormány bukását követően hét nap áll rendelkezésre ahhoz, hogy vagy Danilo Türk államfő, vagy a parlamenti képviselők új miniszterelnök-jelöltet állítsanak. Ha azonban a törvényhozás 30 napon belül nem választja meg az új kormányfőt, előre hozott választást kell tartani. Normális körülmények között jövő év szeptemberében lenne esedékes a következő választás Szlovéniában.
A ljubljanai fordulat hátterében gazdasági okok állnak. A Pahor vezette koalíció azután került kisebbségbe a parlamentben, hogy pártjai között nézeteltérés támadt a reformpolitikát illetően, amelyet a választópolgárok idén tavasszal több népszavazáson nagy többséggel elutasítottak. A koalíciós viszály nyomán előbb a DeSUS (nyugdíjasok pártja), majd a Zaresz nevű liberális párt fordított hátat Pahor kormányának, amely így már csak két párt 33 képviselőjére számíthatott a 90 tagú törvényhozásban.
Pahor öt új miniszter tervezett kinevezését összekapcsolta a kormánya iránti bizalom kérdésével, így akarván támogatást szerezni vitatott reformjaihoz. A DeSUS és a Zaresz képviselői azonban az ellenzékkel együtt szavazva megbuktatták a kisebbségi kormányt.A szavazás után adott nyilatkozataiban minden parlamenti párt illetékese mielőbbi választások mellett kardoskodott. A gazdasági válság következtében megroggyant Szlovénia lehet az euróövezet válságának újabb dominókockája – vélekedett az osztrák hírügynökség.
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Former centre-left MEP wins Danish elections

Denmark on Thursday (15 September) elected former Social-Democrat MEP Helle Thorning-Schmidt to become its first female premier. The new government is likely to row back on controversial border checks and have a more generous approach to EU spending.

The leftist bloc behind Helle Thorning-Schmidt won 89 out of the 179 seats in the Danish Parliament, while the incumbent centre-right coalition only managed to secure 86 seats.

Through her marriage to Stephen Kinnock, the 44-year old Thorning-Schmidt is the daughter-in-law of Neil Kinnock, former leader of the British Labour Party and EU commissioner, and Glenys Kinnock, former UK minister for Europe. Trained at the "College of Europe" and a former MEP between 1999-2004, Thorning-Schmidt is set to "devote more attention to EU politics, which she knows from inside," Denmark's ambassador to Belgium Poul Skytte Christoffersen told this website.

In terms of policy, the Social Democrats have announced they are to roll back the enhanced border checks policy - a concession made by the centre-right to the anti-immigrant People's Party - which has put Denmark on collision course with the European Commission and Germany.

In terms of negotiations on the next EU budget, which will have to be carried out next year under the Danish and Cypriot EU presidencies, Christoffersen predicts that the leftist government may turn out to be less "restrictive" than the current one when it comes to EU spending. "Climate change may climb higher on the agenda, given that now it's almost a forgotten topic," he added.

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