How America's Shale Revolution Could Ruin The European Union Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/shale-will-ruin-the-eu-2012-12#ixzz2IhDMsDN1

The story of the year is arguably the growth of shale oil and gas as a viable part of the U.S. economy. In a New York Times op-ed yesterday, Alan Riley, a professor of energy law at The City Law School at City University London, says that the European Union will get crushed because of it.

The reason is that America will soon become nominally self-sufficient and draw down its fuel exports. As a result, he says, the EU will lose its principal muscle guaranteeing stable fuel flows from classic megaproducers like Russia and Saudi Arabia.

American self-sufficiency in oil is of greatest concern to the European Union. The danger is that the United States will no longer have any direct interest in ensuring supply flows out of the Gulf. At the very least this will mean that Washington is likely to demand greater European investment in its own energy security.

 The EU will have to spend even more on new infrastructure to ensure fuel stability, he says. And where that money will come from is anyone's guess.

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EU happily closes the books on tumultuous 2012

Deutsche Welle analysis.

Russia's Putin says EU energy law is "uncivilized"

Russian President Vladimir Putin on Friday condemned European Union energy legislation as "uncivilised", particularly the retroactive application of new competition rules. 

Russia is the European Union's biggest natural gas supplier, and in turn the European Union is Russia's biggest customer, but relations between the two are frosty. An EU antitrust case against Russian gas export monopoly Gazprom as well as EU attempts to diversify its energy suppliers away from Russia and legislation to encourage competition have particularly angered Moscow. 

Putin was particularly critical of the Third Energy Package of EU legislation to create a single energy market and prevent those that dominate supply, such as Gazprom, from also dominating distribution networks."Of course the EU has the right to take any decisions, but as I have mentioned ... we are stunned by the fact that this decision is given retroactive force," Putin told reporters on the sidelines of a Russia-EU summit in Brussels. "It is an absolutely uncivilised decision." (...)

http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/21/us-russia-eu-energy-idUSBRE8BK0WA20121221

EU and Singapore agree free trade deal

The European Union and Singapore agreed terms of a free trade deal (...), a move that should further open the Asian country's markets for financial services and make it easier for European automakers to export there.(...)
After the completion of negotiations by the European Commission, the EU executive, member states and the European Parliament need to sign off for the agreement to come into force. Though EU countries have in the past sometimes rejected such deals for political reasons, this is unlikely to happen with Singapore, as EU leaders in October called for a swift conclusion of negotiations.(...)
The bloc hopes the agreement will give it better access to Singapore, one of Asia's richest countries per head of population, where currently the United States enjoys preferential access. Singapore has a population of only 5 million, but it is also a gateway to the 600 million people in the fast-growing economies of the 10-member Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).
The EU is the city state's second biggest trade partner after neighboring Malaysia, with bilateral trade in goods amounting to 46 billion euros ($60 billion) in 2011. The EU had a trade surplus of 8 billion euros, with cars making up a large chunk of its exports.
Singapore's import tariffs are low. The deal will remove non-tariff barriers such as the double testing of cars, as Singapore would start to recognize EU standards, EU officials say. Other key benefits would be the further opening of Singapore's banking and financial services sector, as well as better access to its public procurement markets.
The push for free trade agreements comes as the EU struggles with a sovereign debt crisis and tries to supplement stagnant domestic consumer demand with free trade pacts with major economies. A deal with South Korea came into effect last year and one with Canada is near completion. EU trade ministers agreed in November to start negotiations with Japan, while preliminary talks are underway for an agreement with the United States.
EU trade officials want the Singapore deal to set a precedent for trade deals with other countries in ASEAN. The EU is currently negotiating free trade pacts with Malaysia and Vietnam, and hopes one day to forge a region-to-region trade agreement. "What I think is more important" than just trade with Singapore, said De Gucht, is "setting a number of standards in services that we will try to enlarge to the whole region".
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European governments clinched a landmark deal on bank supervision

EU finance ministers agreed after marathon overnight talks to create a single banking supervisor for the euro zone and like-minded countries. The 27 leaders were set to give their stamp of approval at a summit that opened in a mood of optimism. (...)

"Since the summer, we have made a lot of progress in our efforts to overcome the immediate crisis in the euro zone," European Council President Herman Van Rompuy told the leaders as he opened the summit. "The worst is now behind us but of course much still needs to be done." At the summit, held days after the EU received its Nobel Prize in Oslo, leaders were to discuss closer fiscal integration in the currency union, a drive that some officials worry has lost momentum since ECB President Mario Draghi calmed markets by pledging in July to do "whatever it takes" to save the euro. European officials acknowledge privately that bolder steps towards closer integration of the single currency area will be on hold until after a German general election next September.

The next stages of banking union - creating a resolution fund for winding up troubled banks and coordinating deposit guarantees to protect savers - will be fought over even harder. And then there will be political and financial hurdles to negotiate through the year. "The fact that the situation in the financial markets is now better than before should not be seen by the governments as a way to procrastinate," European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso told reporters.

The immediate priority is to finalize the legal framework for banking union and get European Parliament backing. Then the ECB must hire staff and decide how to carry out its mandate. It is not expected to be fully operational before March 2014. Under the deal sealed on Thursday, officials said the ECB would regulate some 150 to 200 banks directly - all major cross-border lenders and state aided institutions - with the power to delve into all 6,000 banks in case of problems.

Non-euro Britain, Sweden and the Czech Republic, the most skeptical EU members, allowed the agreement to go through but said they would not be joining the banking union. Other non-euro members left the decision open.

Completing such a complex process would be one of the EU's biggest achievements since the region's debt crisis first erupted three years ago. The aim is to begin to sever the so-called doom loop between indebted banks and shaky governments that has hit Ireland and Spain particularly hard.

Still, creating a full banking union, with powers to wind down failed banks and guarantee deposits across the euro zone, is likely to take several years. And it forms just part of the bloc's masterplan to bolster the architecture of the euro zone and prevent a repeat of the crisis that has threatened to tear the single currency project apart. It promises to be a long and tortuous journey requiring political commitment from euro zone and non-euro members alike, something that countries such as Britain, with a restive Eurosceptic population, will find particularly stressful.

Each step towards closer union means a greater surrender of sovereignty by independent nations and spurs a political backlash, especially in times of economic hardship, social tension and high unemployment.Van Rompuy and the heads of the European Commission, ECB and Eurogroup put forward a bold blueprint for closer euro zone fiscal, economic and political integration to the sumit.

But Merkel has lowered expectations for progress now on that agenda, saying EU leaders should focus on steps notably to improve economic competitiveness that can be implemented in the coming months. She is determined not to frighten German taxpayers with talk of sharing more liability for banks or debts, and wants to avoid any such decisions until after the election in Germany, with campaigning already beginning to warm up.

(...)

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Elfogadta az EP az egységes uniós szabadalmi szabályokat

Az uniós feltalálók hamarosan folyamodhatnak az egységes szabadalmi oltalomért, mivel harmincévi tárgyalássorozat után ugyanis megállapodás született az új rendszerről. Ez 80%-kal csökkentheti az uniós szabadalmak oltalom alá helyezésének költségét és versenyképesebbé teheti őket az amerikaiakkal és japániakkal szemben. A tagállamokkal megkötött kompromisszumos megállapodást, amely tartalmazza az EP költségcsökkentő javaslatait is, kedden szavazták meg a képviselők.

A „szabadalmi csomag” három részből áll - szabadalmi rendszer; fordítási szabályok; szabadalmi bíróság -, amelyet az EP külön-külön szavazott meg. 

(...)

Szabadalmi oltalom olcsóbban és egyszerűbben - Az új rendszerben olcsóbb és egyszerűbb lesz beszerezni a szabadalmi oltalmat, ami nagyobb védelmet jelent az uniós találmányok számára. A jövőben ugyanis automatikusan jár a szabadalmi oltalom az együttműködésben részt vevő 25 uniós országban. Ez csökkenti az uniós vállalatok költségeit és növeli azok versenyképességét. Az Európai Bizottság szerint egy uniós szabadalom beszerzése a jelenlegi 36 ezer eurós átlag helyett 4725 euróba kerül majd.

Így lehet oltalomért folyamodni - Az új rendszerben a szabadalmi oltalmat az Európai Szabadalmi Szervezettől kell igényelni angol, francia vagy német nyelven. A szervezet által e három nyelven kiállított oltalom mind a 25 tagállamban érvényes lesz. Kérelmet más nyelven is be lehet nyújtani, ilyen esetben viszont mellékelni kell annak fordítását is. 

(...)
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Malta's Borg appointed EU health commissioner

Former Maltese foreign minister Tonio Borg was appointed the European Union's new health commissioner after a vote in the European parliament on Wednesday.

European lawmakers approved his nomination by 386 votes in favour, 281 against, to replace fellow countryman John Dalli, who resigned last month after being cited in a tobacco-linked influence-peddling probe. 

(...)

Borg, who is a well-known Catholic conservative, was put up by Malta to replace Dalli but there were questions as to his suitability over statements he had made in the past on abortion and gay marriage.

(...)

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EU steps up solar panels trade battle with China

The European Union launched an investigation (...) into alleged state subsidies for Chinese solar panel manufacturers, intensifying the conflict over the multi-billion dollar solar power equipment market that is straining trade ties.

The EU's executive body is already investigating allegations of Chinese manufacturers "dumping" solar panels in overseas markets, meaning deliberately selling products for less abroad than at home or at less than cost.
It also follows a decision by the United States to impose duties on solar power products from China, although Brussels says its decisions are completely separate from Washington's.
"Industries in the United States and Europe are becoming increasingly aware there is much more evidence of subsidies in China," said an EU official involved in the investigation. "But this is not a purely adversarial process. We have said to the Chinese government that we are open to finding a solution."
The friction comes at a bad time for the economies of both sides with the EU China's biggest trade partner and China the EU's second biggest after the United States.
EU Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht has complained China subsidizes "nearly everything" but also told Reuters last month that he believed the two sides would avoid a trade war.

The Chinese government did not immediately respond to the EU decision to go ahead with an investigation but the move comes within a week of China lodging a complaint with the World Trade Organisation accusing Italy and Greece of illegally favoring domestic solar panel producers in promoting new solar power installations and warning it could put tariffs on EU exports of the raw material polysilicon.
(...)
Chinese companies sold about 21 billion euros ($27 billion) worth of solar panels and components to the EU in 2011 - about 60 percent of all Chinese exports of the products and some 7 percent of all Chinese exports to the EU.
(...)

The United States late on Wednesday gave final approval to duties on billions of dollars of solar-energy products from China for five years, which China has protested against. "The decision has seriously distorted the situation of the Chinese solar energy industry and the exports of the Chinese solar energy products to the U.S.," China's Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products said, quoted by the official Xinhua news agency.
The European Commission can impose provisional duties within nine months and the EU has within 13 months of an investigation's launch to impose definitive duties for up to five years.
Solar panel anti-subsidy and anti-dumping cases against China are likely to be decided at the same time, within 13 months, unless a compromise is found, the EU official said.
Reuters

Summit on bancing union

EU leaders have agreed to allow the European Central Bank to supervise banks from next year, but questions remain about how the process will work, which lenders will be involved and whether those in trouble can be helped. 

The European Commission has proposed making the ECB responsible for supervision as a step towards a banking union in which euro zone countries and any others that want to join would together resolve problem banks and protect savers' deposits.

But at a meeting of EU leaders that ended on Friday, issues such as what method will be used to accommodate non-euro nations that join the scheme, how many banks the ECB will directly supervise and whether that can lead to countries sharing the cost of resolving problems, were left undecided. 

German Chancellor Angela Merkel acknowledged that the details needed to be worked out, including how the new supervision will fit with existing regulatory structures.

Poland, a non-euro-member country that is interested in joining the banking union scheme, underscored the complexity of the negotiations that lie ahead if the new supervision is to become a reality in the course of next year."Forecasts around the table on when it would start working last night were very different - some thought it would take 2-3 years," Prime Minister Donald Tusk told journalists.

Investors are following the negotiations closely in part because they expect cross-border supervision to allow the euro zone rescue fund, the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), to inject capital directly into struggling lenders. 

This pledge, first made in June, helped drive down borrowing costs for countries such as Ireland and Spain. Merkel signaled, however, that a further element of a banking union would first need to be in place before that can happen, namely the establishment of a resolution fund, and cautioned that direct aid would not cover existing problems. "The critical question is whether the recapitalization by the ESM of bad banks or problems of the past is possible," said Graham Bishop, an adviser to banks on European financial policy. "That has not been answered."

(...) a banking union is expected to establish financial backstops or central funds, paid into or guaranteed by banks or governments, to back problem lenders and shield savers. But such steps are a long way off.

Establishing a unified deposit-guarantee scheme would be a major stumbling block, with Germany regarding a single guarantee as akin to the mutualisation of euro zone debt - something it firmly opposes. The idea appears to have been dropped for now.

Setting up a scheme for the resolution or winding up of troubled banks could be similarly problematic. David Mackie, an economist with JP Morgan, said even a simple banking union combined with other support measures would be sufficient to calm investors: "You don't have to have the federalist dream of full debt mutualisation or the euro bond."

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EU to plan military training mission for Mali

The European Union said on Monday it would draw up plans for a possible military training mission to help Mali's army regain control of the Islamist-dominated north of the country.

Mali descended into chaos in March when soldiers toppled the president, leaving a power vacuum that enabled Tuareg rebels to seize two-thirds of the country. But Islamists, some allied with al Qaeda, have hijacked the revolt in the north.

"We believe there's a real risk for the region if Mali remains an ungoverned space, free for terrorists and drug traffickers to operate," said EU foreign affairs chief Catherine Ashton. "I hope that what we'll see in the future is a Malian government with a credible roadmap for the restoration of democratic government."

Announcing humanitarian and other measures to help Mali, the bloc said it would in particular consider ways to retrain the Malian defense forces, and develop plans for an eventual military mission. The decision was taken at a meeting of EU foreign ministers in Luxembourg, where they called for such a plan to be drawn up for their next meeting on November 19.

(...)

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Nobel Gives Peace Prize to Crisis-Ridden EU

Norway's Nobel Committee handed its 2012 Peace Prize to the European Union.

(...)

The committee, whose decision Europeans both celebrated and mocked, said the prize recognized more than six decades during which the conflict-ridden continent pulled together and became a harbinger of "peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights" at home and beyond.

But Thorbjørn Jagland, the committee's chairman, also stressed that Europeans should see the prize as a warning of what the 27-country bloc stands to lose if the current economic turmoil breaks its cohesion.

"This year we saw that the prize could be important in giving a message to the European public of how important it is to secure what they have achieved on this continent," he said as he announced the award in Oslo.

(...)

"We don't have a position on how to solve the economic crisis, but we believe it will be important to solve it and that European unity can be kept so that Europe can move forward," Mr. Jagland said.

(...)

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Rompuy warns Cameron over sensitive budget issues

The European Union's top official fleshed out his ideas for a separate budget for euro zone countries on Thursday, and indirectly warned British Prime Minister David Cameron about using the proposal for his own political gain. 

At a conference to discuss the state of Europe after nearly three years of debt and financial crisis, Herman Van Rompuy, the president of the European Council, said a separate euro zone budget was an idea that needed close examination. 

Even if it is a long-term project and there are a host of political and financial obstacles to overcome, it could help underpin the stability of the single currency, he said. 

"We have to do everything to stabilise the situation in the euro zone, and if a fiscal capacity or a separate budget can help and can contribute to this stability, then you have to reflect on it, to discuss it," he told conference delegates, who included several ministers from EU member states. "Every currency union needs also a fiscal capacity, and certainly a fiscal capacity to stabilise the euro zone."

The 27 countries in the European Union currently finance a budget which amounts to around 130 billion euros a year - 1 percent of EU output - and which is used for spending on agriculture, science, infrastructure and other areas.
But there is no equivalent budget among the 17 countries that share the euro, a shortcoming that many economists believe has undermined the stability of the currency project.
Van Rompuy first raised the possibility of a separate euro zone budget in September and developed his thinking in a document sent to EU capitals in early October. It forms part of a series of initiatives to try to resolve the debt crisis.
Germany and France strongly support the proposal and, in a surprise to many EU diplomats, Britain does too, but for different reasons. Cameron sees a euro zone budget as a way of further separating Britain and its increasingly EU-sceptical electorate from the currency bloc and its problems.
He also sees a euro zone fund as a way of potentially reducing the amount Britain has to pay into the EU budget, which is negotiated annually as part of a seven-year framework. The issue has become particularly acute as the EU prepares to negotiate the next seven-year plan at a summit in November, a deal Cameron has threatened to veto unless he gets his way.
"There will come a time when you need to have two European budgets, one for the single currency, because they are going to have to support each other more, and perhaps a wider budget for everybody else," Cameron said on Sunday, the first day of his Conservative Party's annual conference.
(...)
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David Cameron 'would veto' EU budget

Prime Minister David Cameron has said he would veto a new European Union budget "if necessary".

The EU is beginning negotiations on its next budget for 2014 to 2020. Mr Cameron also told the BBC that in the longer term the EU should have two different budgets - one for countries in the eurozone and one for those outside the single currency. 

Last year Mr Cameron vetoed an EU-wide treaty to co-ordinate budget policies and impose penalties on rule-breakers. Speaking on the Andrew Marr show, on the first day of the Conservative Party conference, Mr Cameron said experience showed that "people in Europe know I mean what I say".

"I sat round that table - 27 countries, 26 of them signing up to a treaty and I said, 'This is not in Britain's interests, I don't care how much pressure you put on, I'm not signing, we're not having it.' "They know I'm capable of saying no and if I don't get a good deal I'll say no again." He said he would block talks if "massive increases" in the budget were proposed or if a deal that "does not have proper control" was put forward.

The prime minister said the EU budget was a "classic example of where we should probably start to draw new lines".
"There will come a time I believe where you're going to need to have two European budgets - one for the single currency, because they're going to have to support each other much more, and perhaps a wider budget for everybody else."
He added that he did not think this would be achieved this time but it was an indicator of the way Europe is going.
Mr Cameron also said he favoured a referendum on a renegotiated role for Britain in the EU but once again ruled out holding a simple Yes or No vote on Britain's membership. "The fact is, I think most people in our country don't actually want to leave the European Union or just accept how it is at the moment. They want to change it."
BBC

Europe’s Richer Regions Want Out

Link:
Europe's richer regions want out

Bad news from the economy

Unemployment in Euro Zone at Record High

Unemployment in the euro zone hovered at a record 11.4 percent in August, according to data released on Monday, underscoring the pain inflicted by the slowing world economy and the financial problems plaguing many of the countries that share the euro.

(...)

The jobless numbers, which compare with the August rate of 8.1 percent in the United States, suggest that Europe’s recession is deepening despite the continued efforts of policy makers and finance ministers to cure the region’s malaise.

Unemployment in Greece and Spain, currently the euro zone’s most economically troubled members, reached euro-era highs. And as both countries move ahead with plans for even tougher austerity budgets — Greece to appease its international creditors, Spain to potentially clear the path for European aid — their job outlooks could worsen further.

Greece had an unemployment rate of 24.4 percent in June, the latest month for which data were available. Spain still had the region’s highest jobless rate, at 25.1 percent, and an even bigger problem among young people. Nearly 53 percent of Spaniards younger than 25 were classified as unemployed in August.

(...)

New York Times

East EU manufacturing dips

Central European manufacturing shrank in September, signaling a deeper than feared recession in the Czech Republic and a slowdown in Poland that economists said authorities should counter with new stimulus measures

in the region's biggest economy, Poland, a collection of dismal new data has spurred Prime Minister Donald Tusk to begin drawing up an economic contingency plan after growth there slowed by almost a third in the second quarter to 2.4 percent.

Poland's Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) fell for the sixth straight month to a worse-than-expected 47.0 points, the worst result since the depths of the previous economic crisis in July 2009.

In the neighboring Czech Republic, PMI fell to 48.0 in September from 48.7 in August, according to the data released by Markit. It was the sixth month below the 50-point barrier separating expansion from contraction.

In both countries, the declines were driven by weak output and new orders, a factor exacerbated in Poland by the end of a 19 billion euro investment project tied to the Euro 2012 soccer tournament and in the CZech Republic by a two-year government campaign to slash spending and raise taxes.

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Hungary's PMI, calculated under different methodology, rose to 52.5 in September, versus a revised 49.6 in August.

Reuters

Germany, France push for financial transactions tax

Germany and France asked the European Commission (...) to push ahead with plans for a financial transactions tax with a core of at least nine European Union countries, after failing to win backing for such a levy across the entire EU.

Germany had originally wanted a tax covering financial transactions across the 27-nation EU but the plan ran into opposition from Britain and some other countries, prompting it to aim instead for a core group to introduce the levy.

According to a statement released by the German finance ministry, the German and French finance ministers on Friday delivered a letter to the Commission asking for so-called "enhanced cooperation" to move ahead on the tax, a process which would need the support of a minimum nine EU member states.

Italy, Spain and Austria are among countries that have expressed support for such a tax in the past, but it remains unclear whether a full nine can be rallied to back the drive.

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Dutch pro-Europe parties win heated election

Pro-European parties swept to victory in Dutch elections on Wednesday (13 September) despite concerns that eurosceptics would increase their influence on future decision-making powers.
(...)

But exit polls give caretaker prime minister Mark Rutte's Liberals 41 seats and the centre-left Labour Party 39 in the 150-member lower house with hardliners on both sides of the political divide losing considerable ground. Pundits had initially predicted the two would only grab 70 seats.
"We won our greatest victory in history and for the second time became the largest party in the Netherlands," said Rutte. The far-left Socialists, who had campaigned against austerity and eurozone bailouts, are likely to end up with just 15 seats. Meanwhile, firebrand Geert Wilders of the anti-immigration Freedom Party had campaigned for the Netherlands to leave the euro and the European Union. The verdict has hit Wilders' party the hardest - his party is set to lose about a third of his seats, dropping from 24 to 13.
The far-left's anti-austerity message had ignited debate on Europe's future and the Netherlands' role in the Union in the run-up to the vote.
The Liberals and the Labour parties backed the eurozone rescue packages, criticised by hardliners.
(...)
Euobserver.com

Europe Prepares to Investigate Chinese Dumping of Solar Panels

"Defying Chinese threats of retaliation against European wines and industrial materials, the European Union is preparing to begin on Thursday morning a broad investigation into whether Chinese companies have been exporting solar panels for less than it costs to make them. 

The case would be one of the largest trade actions in European history and could lead to steep tariffs on much of China’s $20 billion in annual exports of solar products to Europe, four people familiar with the dispute said Wednesday.

The anti-dumping case, which follows a series of bankruptcies and factory closings by European and U.S. solar panel manufacturers, would broaden what has already become one of the biggest sticking points in trade relations between China and the United States. The U.S. Commerce Department imposed preliminary anti-dumping tariffs in May of at least 31 percent on Chinese solar panels, in addition to preliminary anti-subsidy tariffs of 2.9 percent to 4.73 percent that were imposed in March.

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The Union also takes longer than the United States to investigate such cases. Preliminary tariffs could be imposed in Europe next May, and final tariffs would not be set until December of next year.

E.U. officials declined to comment on the solar panel issue. Regarding the possibility of Chinese retaliation, they repeated the Union’s standard position that foreign countries should impose trade restrictions only if they follow procedures that comply with the World Trade Organization’s rules.

The United States and the Union each follow elaborate, quasi-judicial procedures for anti-dumping and anti-subsidy cases, taking voluminous statements from affected companies before acting, and following detailed rules for setting any tariffs. China’s methods for assessing trade penalties are relatively mysterious, and have been the subject of periodic European and American criticism.

The Union is preparing to start the investigation in response to a complaint filed by a coalition of about 20 European companies led by SolarWorld, a German maker of solar panels. SolarWorld, which also has operations in Oregon, had previously set up a coalition of solar panel producers in the United States that used a legal filing to force the Commerce Department to file the cases there.

Chen Huiqing, deputy director for solar products at the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products, said at an industry conference in Guangzhou two weeks ago that the Chinese industry had sent a team of representatives to Brussels in one last bid to talk European officials out of starting a trade case. She warned that Chinese solar panel manufacturers already faced declining profit margins, shortages of capital and weakening foreign demand.

Chinese companies played a tiny role in the global solar power industry until five years ago, when they began a surge that has now brought them two-thirds of the global market. That rapid growth has been accompanied by a steep plunge in wholesale prices for solar panels, which have dropped by up to three-quarters in the past four years.

Retail prices have fallen much more slowly, as the bulk of the cost of a solar panel system lies in installation, and those costs have not fallen nearly as fast.

Chinese industry officials and regulators have periodically denied allegations that they are selling solar panels below cost in foreign markets, insisting that their huge investments in big new factories have brought down costs. But big Chinese solar companies have been posting heavy losses, particularly in the second quarter.

Frank Haugwitz, a solar industry consultant based in Beijing, said that if the Union imposed tariffs, it would be a serious blow to a Chinese industry already suffering from overcapacity. But the Chinese government is strongly committed to having a large solar panel industry, and is starting to use subsidies to expand the modest domestic market for solar panels.

“Beijing is very committed; it will not let them down,” Mr. Haugwitz said.

(...)

Chinese retaliation against European wines could be more politically feasible in Beijing. Tales of lavish spending on expensive wines by the wealthy and by government officials periodically surface on the Chinese Internet, and feed public anxiety about the wide gap between rich and poor.

China exports over 90 percent of its solar panels. It has done so to tap into billions of dollars in subsidies from government agencies and other electricity users in the United States and Europe for homes and businesses to install solar panels. W.T.O. rules have discouraged Western countries from banning the use of their subsidies for the purchase of Chinese solar panels.

The exception has been government procurement of solar panels, for which the United States has some “buy American” provisions. China has not joined the W.T.O. side agreement on government procurement, as many Chinese provincial governments have been leery of being required to accept foreign bids for local and provincial government contracts. So Western governments also have the option not to entertain bids from Chinese companies, though this option has seldom been exercised."

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Germany wants EU convention to forge new treaty

German Chancellor Angela Merkel wants an EU 'convention' to draw up a new treaty for closer European political unification to help overcome the bloc's sovereign debt crisis, weekly Der Spiegel said on Sunday.

Germany, the European Union's biggest economy, has long argued for more national competences, including over budgets, to be transferred to European institutions but faces strong resistance from other member states.

Merkel hopes a summit of EU leaders in December can agree a concrete date for the start of the convention on a new treaty, Spiegel said.

The idea, which Spiegel said Merkel's European affairs adviser floated at meetings in Brussels, recalls the 100-plus strong convention of EU lawmakers set up in 2001 - inspired by the Philadelphia Convention that led to the adoption of the U.S. federal constitution - charged with the task of preparing a European constitution.

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Germany believes a much closer fiscal and political union - with EU oversight of national budgets - is needed to ensure that member states get their public finances fully in order and to restore stability to the euro currency.

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Romania impeachment referendum

Romania’s Prime Minister Victor Ponta has pledged not to continue his efforts to oust president Traian Basescu, after he survived an impeachment referendum. 

On Sunday, Ponta had called for Basescu’s resignation. However, his attempt to remove the president has drawn anger from the EU, and the required 50 percent turnout for the ballot did not materialise. 

Of the 46 percent of people who did vote on Sunday, more than 87 percent wanted Basescu out. Both the president and the opposition Democratic Liberal Party had urged people to boycott the ballot. 

Despite lack of support shown by the voting figures and Basescu’s falling popularity, some are glad he is still the president. 

Many speculate the rivalry between the prime minister and Basescu will continue. 

(...) 

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Ex-Milosevic spokesman becomes new Serbia PM

Prime Minister Ivica Dacic was sworn in Friday, marking the first time the late Milosevic's Socialist party will dominate the government since ruling Serbia for a decade in the 1990s — an era of wars, international sanctions and economic downturn.

 During the Balkan wars Dacic was nicknamed "Little Sloba" for his admiration of Milosevic. But he has embraced a reformist course in recent years and European leaders congratulated him Friday, signaling openness to a democratically elected leader in a country that has made steady democratic strides since ousting Milosevic in 2000. 

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During a parliamentary debate on Thursday ahead of the vote that approved the new government, Dacic reiterated that Serbia will never recognize Kosovo, but stated that his government was ready to "immediately" reopen EU-brokered talks. "There has been enough blood in the Balkans," Dacic said.

(...) 

Dacic's Cabinet was approved with 142 votes for and 72 against in a 250-member assembly, ending nearly three months of political uncertainty that followed an inconclusive election on May 6. After the vote, Dacic said he was pleased with the wide backing he received. 

He promised not to stray from the EU bid, saying that he has already spoken on the phone with EU's top foreign policy official, Catherine Ashton."Serbia stands firmly on the EU path," Dacic said in a statement. 

(...) 

Link

Oettinger warns of deindustrialization

Policies governing the European Union's drive towards a low- carbon economy should not lose sight of the need to retain the bloc's industrial base, Energy Commissioner Guenther Oettinger said in a newspaper column on Monday. 

 "Europe should think about adding a fourth goal to the three 20-20-20 energy-related ones up to the year 2020," Oettinger wrote in the business daily Handelsblatt. The bloc's goals are a planned 20 percent hike in energy efficiency, a 20 percent cut in CO2 emissions and reaching a 20 percent share of renewables in energy usage by 2020. 

"(Europe) ... should make (another) permanent goal a 20 percent industrial contribution to gross domestic product (by 2020)," Oettinger said. This share had sunk to 18 percent in 2010 from around 22 percent in 2000. 

"We need a strategy for the re-industrialization of Europe," he said. Oettinger said Europe was too dependent on energy imports - its main natural gas supplier is Russia and its oil comes mainly from the Middle East - and therefore had to ensure efficient energy production and usage, to help stand up to competitors such as the United States where gas prices have plummeted. 

Electricity would become the EU's main energy benchmark as it would expand its share in fuelling transport, Oettinger said, adding Europe needed a policy "that considered that security of supply and affordability of power are a decisive location factor in the global context," he wrote. 

Oettinger, a German national, echoed rising concern about runaway power prices in his home country, where subsidizing of fast-expanding green power is burdening industrial and household consumers. This has already caused a government rethink on, and subsequent cuts to, solar power. Environment Minister Peter Altmaier told the mass circulation Bild am Sonntag on Sunday he was skeptical about some important goals of Germany's energy U-turn, put in place last year in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. In particular, Altmaier doubted whether power usage could be cut by 10 percent up to 2020, which the government had stipulated along with goals to get out of nuclear energy fast in favor of green power.

Link

Romanian President Impeached, Faces Referendum

Romanian lawmakers impeached President Traian Basescu in an overwhelming vote Friday, paving the way for a national referendum that could see the divisive and increasingly unpopular leader ousted from the powerful position he's held for eight years. The vote of 256-114 in parliament came as Basescu and Prime Minister Victor Ponta have engaged in a bitter power struggle in the eastern European country of 19 million. The machinations, especially attempts to sideline the judiciary, have drawn statements of concern from the European Union and the United States. 

Basescu's opponents accused him of overstepping his authority by meddling in government business and legal affairs. The 60-year-old former ship's captain also was accused of making racist remarks about Gypsies and disabled people. 

Senate Speaker Crin Antonescu, who will serve as interim president now that Basescu has been effectively suspended from the role, said a popular referendum on Basescu's fate will be held July 29.Basescu was impeached in 2007 but survived a referendum. Still, his popularity has declined steeply, and he faces tougher odds this time. One major reason is that the Ponta-led government changed the law this week to make it easier to oust Basescu from office. Now, a simple majority of votes cast is needed to push him out. Before, a majority of all voters in Romania was required.

(...)

Link

Montenegró is a csatlakozás útjára léphet Jóváhagyták az európai uniós tagországok állam- és kormányfői pénteken Brüsszelben azt a döntést, amelynek értelmében megkezdődhetnek a csatlakozási tárgyalások Montenegró és az EU között. A tárgyalások megkezdését Herman Van Rompuy, a Tanács elnöke jelentette be az értekezletet lezáró nemzetközi sajtótájékoztatón. Megerősítette, hogy a tárgyalások hivatalosan már pénteken meg is kezdődnek. Ez elsősorban a most leköszönő dán elnökség kívánsága volt – így a megbeszéléssorozat még a "dán" félévben kezdetét veheti.
 (...)
 Euvonal.hu

Summit puts end to EU patent turf war

EU leaders have forged a compromise that will end a long-running dispute over a common European patent, clearing the way for easier and less costly way of registering products. National leaders ended their two-day summit on Friday (29 June) by agreeing to divide the functions of the European patent court between the three countries eager to host it – France, Germany and Britain. The location of the patent court was the last outstanding issue in a long-fought effort. 

 (...) 

The main seat - the Central Division of the Court of First Instance of the Unified Patent Court (UPC) - will be in Paris. The first president of the court would come from France, as the member country hosting the central division. Given the highly specialised nature of patent litigation, two sections will be established - one in London and the other in Munich, the Danish prime minister said. (...) On 11 March 2011, ministers from 25 member states decided to go ahead with plans to introduce a common system for registering patents, without Spain and Italy, using the so-called 'enhanced co-operation' mechanism. The mechanism allows a group of at least nine EU countries to adopt new common rules among themselves, in areas where an EU-wide agreement cannot be reached. Internal Market and Services Commissioner Michel Barnier welcomed the Council decision, saying the compromise reached is a decisive step towards the creation of a unitary patent and a common patent court in Europe. “The reform will create a simpler application process and considerably reduce the costs for obtaining patent protection,” Barnier said in a statement. “All future unitary patents will eventually be available in all official EU languages, thus ensuring the dissemination of knowledge and benefiting inventors. I hope that Spain and Italy will also join the new regime soon.” He said Europe is falling behind the United States and China in the number of patents issued. French President François Hollande told a news conference there were no winners or losers. "What took place was a compromise, and it was because France and Germany were united, all through the night, that we achieved this compromise," Hollande said. The European Parliament is expected to vote on the proposal on 4 July. This would open the way toward having the first unitary patent will be registered in 2014. Euractive.com

Italy and Spain get 'breakthrough' deal on bailout funds

Eurozone leaders in the early hours of Friday morning (29 June) agreed to allow bailout funds to recapitalise banks directly and to buy bonds for "well-behaving" countries - states which are pursuing reforms but suffering from market pressure.
The deal is designed to help Spain and Italy to lower their borrowing costs, but might take several months to implement. "We agreed on something new, which is a breakthrough, that banks can be directly recapitalised in certain circumstances... and we are opening the possibility for well-behaving countries to use the EFSF/ESM [bailout funds] to reassure markets and get some stability around their sovereign bonds," EU council chief Herman Van Rompuy said in a press conference at the end of the marathon meeting.
Italy and Spain had earlier filibustered a non-controversial EU "growth pact" worth €130 billion in order to achieve concessions on their immediate concerns: their high borrowing costs.Germany insisted that the concessions only be made if proper controls are in place, however.
Spain got its long-standing demand of letting banks be directly recapitalised by the eurozone bailout funds, but only once "an effective single supervisory mechanism is established, involving the European Central Bank." This "will not happen in a few days or weeks, but in the medium term it will achieve the desired effect," said Thomas Wieser, head of the Eurogroup working group of finance ministry officials in the eurozone. Once the new supervisory body is established, the bailout will be "transferred to the new mechanism, so that it can rapidly be taken off Spain's balance sheet," Wieser said. 
Madrid also got a concession on the so-called preferred creditor status for the permanent eurozone bailout fund. Euro leaders decided that the bailout for the Spanish banks will not have such "seniority" - meaning that the permanent European Stability Mechanism will not have any priority compared to other investors in case of default. 
For his part, Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti also made some headway in his call for a "semi-automatic" mechanism so that the bailout funds buy government bonds when countries are under market pressure, but without trigerring a bailout procedure, as the rules currently stipulate. Speaking on his way out of the summit, he said he was pleased the impasse had been overcome. "There were a lot of discussions, some tension, but we made progress. At our request, we obtained a stabilisation mechanism for countries that are perfoming well under the Stability and Growth Pact, but are still under market pressure, like Italy," he said. 
Under this new mechanism, countries would sign a memorandum of understanding about continuing the reforms they are already implementing, but "there would be no troika," Monti explained, in reference to the special monitors from the EU, the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank that go every three months to bailed-out countries such as Greece or Portugal. 
Van Rompuy also confirmed that the conditions attached to this "flexible" mechanism would reproduce the requirements of the eurozone's beefed up economic surveillance - on budget deficits and macro-economic imbalances. "There may be just a timeline added to the memorandum, to put some pressure, but the requirements would be the same as the country-specific recommendations," he said, in reference to EU commission-issued reports for each country on where their economy stands compared to the EU rules. 
As for the long-term plan for the eurozone, the EU council chief will go back to the drawing board together with the heads of other EU institutions and come back with a "specific timelined roadmap" by October on the banking union, on more sovereignty being ceded to Brussels and on seeking ways to increase "democratic legitimacy and accountability." 
Unlike his first report discussed that night and for which there was "no agreement" on substance - Germany opposed the perspective of mutualised debt - the next one will be done "in close co-operation" with member states and also in consultation with the European Parliament, he said.
Euobserver.com

Cyprus needs money for troubled bank

A fifth euro zone country turned to Brussels for emergency funding on Monday when Cyprus announced it was seeking a lifeline for its banks and its budget, hours after Spain submitted a formal request to bail out its banks.Global share prices and the euro slid as investors bet that European leaders - due to meet this week for the 20th time since the currency zone's debt crisis hit Greece in 2010 - would fail to come up with radical measures to back up weak countries.
Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel dashed any hope that Berlin would allow joint bonds issued by the euro zone or other measures sought by partners.Cyprus joins Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain in seeking EU rescue funds, meaning more than a quarter of the 17 euro zone members are now in the bloc's emergency ward. Italy's funding costs have soared too, which means it could be next.
Spain formally submitted its request for up to 100 billion euros of funds to bail out its banks, agreed on June 9.
Tiny Cyprus has just four days to raise at least 1.8 billion euros - equivalent to about 10 percent of its domestic output - to meet a deadline set by European regulators to recapitalise Cyprus Popular Bank, its second largest lender which saw its balance sheet hurt by bad Greek debt.
Finance Minister Vassos Shiarly said the country would also seek enough money to help with its budget deficit. The full amount would be decided over the course of weeks."The amount will be as much as it may be needed to cover the recapitalisation and fiscal requirements," he told Reuters.With its coffers emptying rapidly and hurtling towards an immovable deadline, Cyprus suffered a further sovereign credit rating cut on Monday by Fitch, to the junk BB+ grade. It is already shut out from raising new funds on capital markets, with yields on existing bonds well into double digits.
An island with just 1 million residents, Cyprus has a disproportionately large financial sector that is heavily exposed to Greece, a neighbour more than 10 times the size with which it shares a language, culture and close political links.
It received 2.5 billion euros in a loan from Russia last year and has been scrambling for funding from Moscow or Beijing to avoid the terms Brussels imposes in return for EU bailouts.
Jean-Claude Juncker, head of the Eurogroup of euro zone leaders, said Cyprus would have to negotiate aid conditions with the EU and European Central Bank."This will include measures that will address the main challenges of the Cyprus economy, primarily those of the financial sector, and I expect that Cyprus will engage with strong determination in the required policy actions," he said.
(...)
Reuters

Pozitív döntés a pénzügyminiszterek tanácsában

Az uniós pénzügyminiszterek pénteki, június 22-i ülésükön megszüntették azt a márciusi döntésüket, amelyben a Magyarország számára elérhető kohéziós források befagyasztásáról határoztak.

Az Európai Unió gazdasági és pénzügyminisztereinek tanácsa (ECOFIN) június 22-i ülése döntött a Kohéziós Alapból származó kötelezettségvállalások – március 13-i tanácsi döntés alapján történt, 2013. január elsejétől hatályba lépő – részleges felfüggesztésének megszüntetéséről. A döntésre azért kerülhetett sor, mert a Tanács és az Európai Bizottság is úgy látja, hogy Magyarország megfelelő lépéseket tett a túlzott hiány megszüntetése érdekében. 

Március 13-án hoztak döntést a tagállamok pénzügyminiszterei: az Európai Bizottság javaslatára a kohéziós forrásokból 495 millió eurót fagyasztanak be 2013. január 1-től, de csak abban az esetben, ha Magyarország nem tesz hatékony lépéseket a költségvetési hiány tartósan három százalék alá szorítása érdekében. A miniszterek akkor úgy döntöttek, hogy a büntető intézkedést már idén júniusban hatályon kívül helyezik, ha Magyarország meghozza az elvárt kiigazító lépéseket. 

A deficiteljárás alól azonban legkorábban csak jövő tavasszal kerülhet ki az ország. 

A kohéziós alapra vonatkozó uniós szabályok szerint, ha valamely kedvezményezett tagállamban túlzott költségvetési hiány áll fenn, és az erről kiadott tanácsi ajánlást az érintett tagállam részéről nem követte eredményes intézkedés, a Tanács az alapból az érintett tagállam részére tett kötelezettségvállalások teljes vagy részleges felfüggesztéséről határozhat, a felfüggesztésről szóló határozatot követő év január 1-jei hatállyal. A szabályok szerint, ha a Tanács megállapítja, hogy az érintett tagállam megtette a szükséges kiigazító intézkedést, késedelem nélkül határoz az érintett kötelezettségvállalások felfüggesztésének megszüntetéséről is. 

Euvonal

A konzervatívok nyerték a görög választásokat

Az Új Demokrácia nyerte meg a vasárnapi görögországi parlamenti választást, Európa-párti koalíció alakulhat. Az Új Demokrácia a szavazatok 85 százalékának összeszámlálása alapján a voksok 29,96 százalékát kapta és 130 helyet szerezhet a görög parlamentben. A Radikális Baloldali Koalíció (Sziriza) a szavazatok 26,65 százaléka révén 71 helyet kaphat. A szocialista Pánhellén Szocialista Mozgalommal (Paszok) a voksok 12,46 százalékára tett szert, és 33 helyhez juthat a parlamentben.

Előrejelzések szerint Görögországban olyan kormány alakulhat, amelyben összefognának az Európa-párti erők, az Új Demokrácia, a Paszok és a Demokratikus Baloldal (Dimar), utóbbi a voksok 6,11 százalékával 16 képviselői helyet fog birtokolni a törvényhozásban. Antonis Samaras, az Új Demokrácia vezetője elmondta: mielőbb kormányt fognak alakítani, valamint rámutatott: nagykoalíciót szeretne létrehozni, előítéletek nélkül. 

euvonal.hu

Eurozone agrees bail-out for Spain's banks

Eurozone finance ministers on Saturday (9 June) agreed to disburse up to €100bn for Spain's troubled banks, but without an accompanying austerity programme as for Greece, Ireland and Portugal. After a two-and-a-half hour conference call, ministers said in a press statement that "up to €100 billion" will be granted from the eurozone's bail-out funds "for recapitalisation of financial institutions."

The funds will be channelled directly to a state-run fund for bank rescues in Spain, the Fund for Orderly Bank Restructuring, but the Spanish government will sign a memorandum of understanding and "will retain the full responsibility of the financial assistance," the Eurogroup said.

An assessment by the European Commission, with input from the European Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the EU banking authority, will spell out exactly how much money is needed, "as well as a proposal for the necessary policy conditionality for the financial sector that shall accompany the assistance." But unlike the three other bailed-out eurozone countries (Greece, Ireland and Portugal), Spain will not be submitted to a full-blown programme with inspectors regularly checking the implementation of reforms.

Eurozone finance ministers explained that Spain has already implemented "significant" fiscal and labour market reforms and has passed laws to strengthen the capital requirements for its banks. (...)

Spain will not seek IMF assistance - again unlike its three bail-out predecessors. The Washington-based body is set to contribute only with reports on the country. It already did so on Friday (8 June) when it estimated that Spain's banks will need €37bn in the short term, not taking into account any bank restructuring or bail-outs. The IMF report was released three days ahead schedule, as eurozone finance ministers sought to seal a deal before markets open on Monday and before crucial elections in Greece next weekend.

The prospect of Greece cancelling its second bail-out and possibly exiting the eurozone drove Spain's borrowing costs into bail-out territory and led to a downgrade by Fitch ratings agency.

Speaking in Madrid after the teleconference, Spanish economy minister Luis de Guidos said it was still unclear how much his country will actually need. But he insisted that the €100bn sum was more than enough to cover the gap and calm markets.(...)"There are no conditions of any kind on economic reforms outside of the financial sector," de Guindos said. "There are only conditions for the banks. That is all. It is an injection of capital which they will have to pay back. There are no additional conditions for Spanish society." 

"This is not a bail-out," de Guindos stressed.

:))))

Euobserver

Merkel urges 'political' union

German Chancellor Angela Merkel pushed for a stronger European political union Thursday amid growing international calls for action as a brutal Spain ratings downgrade added another twist to the eurozone crisis. In the United States, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke became the latest to sound the alarm over the European crisis, as Merkel held talks in Berlin with British Prime Minister David Cameron. 

The two leaders agreed that closer fiscal discipline in the European Union alone was not enough to stem more than two years of turbulence as the clock ticks down for Europe to help stabilise Spain's banking system. The EU fiscal pact is "necessary but not the only precondition," Merkel said, while Cameron, who has opted out of the pact, called it "important but not sufficient" to fight the crisis. Merkel also said it was "important to stress that we have created instruments for support in the eurozone" and Germany, seen by some EU partners as being inflexible and reluctant to change, backed their use. (...)

Merkel earlier Thursday told German television she saw "more Europe" as the solution. The chancellor said that in addition to the euro currency used by 17 nations, Europe needed a fiscal union and, above all, a political union, even if that came at the cost of a two-speed approach. "We need a political union first and foremost. That means we must, step by step, cede responsibilities to Europe," Merkel told ARD public television. "But we must not remain immobile because one country or another does not want to follow yet," she added. (...)

AFP

Spain appeals for EU bail-out of struggling banks

Spain's budget minister has during a radio interview appealed for an EU bail-out of the country's banks.Speaking on Tuesday (5 June) on the Onda Cero radio station, Cristobal Montoro said: "Europe should move swiftly to allow its institutions to directly boost the capital of troubled banks in Spain." He added: "The amount needed by Spain's banking system isn't very high, nor excessive. What matters is the procedure to provide such an amount - and that's why it is important that European institutions open up and proceed with this."

His reference to "direct" aid to banks is an appeal for the Union to use its Luxembourg-based EFSF bail-out fund to help Spanish lenders. The alternative - a bail-out of the Spanish state involving the EFSF and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), as in Greece, Ireland and Portugal - comes with outside supervision of national finances and would increase the country's budget deficit. He said Spain can no longer borrow money from markets due to loss of confidence which has seen borrowing costs shoot up compared to Germany. (...)

The cost of a Spanish bank rescue is being estimated at between €40 billion and €90 billion. Montero added that a full-blown EU-IMF bail-out is unfeasible because the EFSF has €440 billion in the pot, while Spain, the eurozone's fourth largest economy, owes foreign lenders almost €1 trillion. (...)

The Spanish cry got a sympathetic ear in France.French foreign minister Laurent Fabius told media while visiting Rome also on Tuesday that the EU should take a flexible approach to Madrid.

Volker Kauder, the chief whip of Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union party, told the ARD TV station on Wednesday morning: (...) "Germany will demonstrate its solidarity with other states in Europe ... but the states of Europe must for their part undertake every endeavour to contribute to solving those problems themselves." The European Commission will on Wednesday propose plans for an EU "banking union" to prevent a Spanish-type scenario in years to come. 

Euobserver

Ireland votes Yes on fiscal treaty

Ireland has voted in a favour of the fiscal discipline treaty but the Yes vote is seen as grudging and the country is now expecting EU "solidarity" in return.

With all votes counted, 60.3 percent voted in favour of the Germany-inspired document enshrining balanced budgets into national law while 39.7 percent vote against. Turnout was 50.6 percent.

(...)
http://euobserver.com/843/116460

Spanish and Italian borrowing costs soar

Euobserver

The cost of insurance against a Spanish default reached another record on Monday, with Italy's borrowing costs also rising sharply amid continued market fears about the fate of the eurozone. "With a risk premium at 500 points, it is very difficult to raise finances," Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy said Monday (28 May) in a press conference. His country's 'debt risk premium' - the default insurance investors demand on Spanish bonds compared to German bunds - that day leapt to a eurozone record of 514 basis points.

But Rajoy insisted Spain was not seeking financing from the eurzone bail-out fund, but rather alluded to earlier calls for the European Central Bank (ECB) to resume its bond-purchasing or cheap bank loans programmes which last year helped both Spain and Italy lower their borrowing costs. "We need a clear, forceful and energetic defence of the euro," Rajoy said. Last week he noted that ECB money is a more pressing issue than the theoretical discussion about further political integration of the eurozone.

Part of Spain's problem is its troubled banks. The government on Friday pumped an extra €19 billion into Bankia, its fourth-largest lender, in what is so far the biggest Spanish bank bail-out. Madrid already injected €4.4 billion earlier this month. Reports suggest another €30 billion may be needed - with an independent audit under way to examine the state of Spanish lenders.

Fears about a possible Greek exit from the eurozone, labelled "Armageddon" by some senior bankers, are affecting Spain as it seeks funding from the markets. Charles Dallara, the manager of the International Institute of Finance, an umbrella group of the world's largest banks, last week said a Greek exit would cost more than €1 trillion and seriously damage other southern countries. “Those who think that Europe, and more broadly the global economy, are really prepared for a Greek exit should think again," Dallara told Bloomberg in an interview.

Similar to Spain, Italy's borrowing costs also spiked on Monday, with two-year bonds selling at extra costs of over four percent, compared to a 3.3 percent rate last month before the Greek elections. Meanwhile, German bonds last week sold at a record of zero-percent interest, as investors are flocking to these 'safe-haven' treasury papers. European Parliament chief Martin Schulz, himself a German national, said last week that this widening gap between Germany and other eurozone countries is "destroying Europe" and urged the German chancellor to change policies.

A meeting called by Italy's premier Mario Monti next month in Rome with Rajoy, France's Francois Hollande and Germany's Angela Merkel is likely to see more pressure put on the German leader to accepting some form of joint debt issuing - the so-called eurobonds.

The prospect of having these joint bonds could help alleviate the borrowing problem for southern countries in the long run and lift the pressure from the ECB to continue buying up debt or injecting cheap loans into the eurozone banks. But Germany, who borrowing costs would rise under such a scheme, has said this is a long term solution only.

Hollande pushes EU to talk about joint euro bonds

French President Francois Hollande, standing firm in the face of stiff German opposition, said on Wednesday that European leaders should broach the possibility of jointly-issued euro bonds and that no option to resolve the bloc's crisis should be taboo. 

Hollande, due to join other European Union leaders later on Wednesday for talks over dinner, said all options should be put on the table because the gathering was about exchanging views before a decision-making summit at the end of June."This is not about entering into conflict with others," the Socialist president told a news conference in Paris. "Everyone should go into this in the best spirit."

Hollande, who held the news conference jointly with Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy after the two met, reiterated that he was committed to debt and deficit reduction but that helping economic growth was a necessary part of that objective. He said he would raise a panoply of ideas including the role of the European Central Bank and the European Financial Stability Fund on the one hand as well as euro bonds.

"It's not just about project bonds, which will also be proposed," he said at the news conference at the presidential Elysee Palace, referring to the idea of the EU backing bonds issued by managers of infrastructure projects. "It's about thinking of a means of financing that will allow all countries that have made the necessary effort to fix their public finances to gain access to financing at the lowest rates possible, sheltered from speculation or doubt in some markets," he said. "Is it acceptable that some sovereign debt has to be refinanced at rates of 6 percent when others, admittedly better regarded, can access funding at rates of close to zero in the same monetary and budgetary zone?" he asked.

Germany sold bonds offering investors no regular interest rate payments for the first time on Wednesday. Strong demand for the bonds underscored investors' desperation to find a safe place to park their euros. By contrast, investors trading in the open market were seeking returns of around 4.2 percent and 3.6 percent respectively on comparable bonds issued by vulnerable debtors Spain and Italy.

Hollande vowed during the campaign that swept him to power in a vote on May 6 where he unseated Nicolas Sarkozy that he would seek changes to a European pact on deficit reduction to add more concrete commitments to shore up economic growth. Hollande said at the news conference in Paris that he also intended to address the role of the ECB and EFSF and banking liquidity in the talks with other European leaders. "The top priority is injecting liquidity into the European financial system to ensure that European banks, all European banks, can be consolidated," he said. "It's at the end of June that we must produce solutions and do so together but it would be a shame to not go all the way on proposals," he said in defense of his position ahead of the EU meeting on Wednesday.

Reuters

Greek Crisis at G8

The leaders of the Group of 8, emphasizing growth as well as fiscal discipline at their meeting on Saturday, made a strong plea for Greece to stay in the euro zone and the European Union. Despite efforts at official reassurance, no one really knows the consequences of a Greek exit from the euro zone, or how rapidly big countries like Spain and Italy, and their banks, will feel the effects.

However cavalierly some European officials talk of “managing” a Greek exit, the political and financial costs would represent a fundamental challenge to the European Union and its credibility, and the point of no return may be approaching faster than anyone anticipated.

“Anyone who thinks a Greek departure would be cleansing and not cause systemic contagion is deluding themselves,” said Simon Tilford, chief economist at the Center for European Reform in London. “Already we’ve seen a sharp increase in spreads and the beginnings of capital flight in other struggling euro zone economies,” with the risk of a full-blown banking crisis in Spain, where 16 banks and four regions have just been downgraded by Moody’s Investor Service.

The stresses on the system are now so great that to contain panic and contagion, while protecting countries too big to bail out, would require political choices and financial commitments that many countries, including Germany, Finland and the Netherlands, seem unlikely to make — the prime reason they would prefer that Greece remain.

The problems of Greece and Spain are complicated enough, but the pressure on euro zone leaders to resolve the evident contradictions in the common currency and to move faster toward more political and fiscal integration is rising by the day. The election of François Hollande, a committed European, as president of France may help push Berlin toward more collective responsibility for the euro zone, but Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany , with her own domestic political concerns, has rarely been willing to move quickly or boldly, which many believe has prolonged and deepened the euro crisis.

Even the British prime minister, David Cameron, warned Europe of the urgent need to fix its economic imbalances and structure. Britain is outside the euro zone and has no intention of joining, so Mr. Cameron’s words were resented. But they rang loudly. Europe, he said, “either has to make up, or it is looking at a potential breakup.”

While Greece is only a small part of the euro zone — and European officials concede it should not have been allowed to join in the first place — its exit is likely to be more expensive and complicated than figuring out a way for it to remain. That would subject, of course, to Greek voters producing a functioning government in new parliamentary elections on June 17.

Ms. Merkel is now talking of special stimulus programs for Greece to help ease the pain of austerity, but any new deal with Athens will have to be negotiated with a real government, and there is no guarantee that the next elections will produce a working majority. They might even lead to a governing coalition that is hostile to the loan agreement that Germany has insisted is not open to significant renegotiation.

(...)
CNBC

Görög kormányválság

Görögországban ügyvivő kormányt neveznek ki, miután eredménytelenül zárultak a kormányalakítási tárgyalások. Francois Hollande és Angela Merkel kiáll Görögország euróövezeti tagsága mellett. 

A görög államfő hivatala kedden jelentette be, hogy eredménytelenül értek véget a kormányalakítási tárgyalások, ezért új választást írnak ki. A választásokig szerdán, május 16-án ügyvivő kormányt neveznek ki az ország élére. A hírek hallatára a piacok nyugtalansága növekszik, több elemző cég továbbra is a görögök euróövezetből való távozását prognosztizálja. 

A pénzpiacok nyugtalansága annak ellenére is nő, hogy Angela Merkel német kancellár és Francois Hollande új francia elnök a tegnapi napon kiálltak Görögország euróövezeti tagsága mellett. Angela Merkel elmondta: maguk a görögök is azt szeretnék, hogy hazájuk a közös európai fizetőeszközt használó uniós tagállamok között maradjon. Berlin és Párizs hajlandó támogatást nyújtani ehhez, akár „pótlólagos gazdaságösztönző” lépésekkel is, ha Athén ezt igényeli. Ugyanakkor a görög félnek be kell tartania a nemzetközi pénzügyi támogatáshoz kapcsolódó megállapodást – szögezte le.

Euvonal

EU Carries Out Airstrikes on Somali Pirates

European naval aircraft fired at a pirate base on the Somali coastline for the first time in an escalated use of force against piracy threatening oil shipments that pass the Horn of Africa.

A European Union naval force helicopter attacked the base early Tuesday, targeting several skiffs the pirates were storing in the area, officials said. Nobody was injured in the attacks, officials said. 

A new EU policy permits naval officials to shoot pirate strongholds onshore, as well as offshore, which has long been permitted. The EU's action and its move to publicize the shooting signaled the seriousness of its response to the continuing piracy problem.  

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EU predicts 0.3 pct eurozone contraction in 2012

The European Union estimates that the economy of the 17 countries that use the euro is in recession in the wake of a debt crisis that has prompted savage spending cuts and a jump in unemployment to record highs.

The European Commission, the executive arm of the EU, forecasts that the eurozone economy will contract by 0.3 percent in 2012 and grow by 1 percent next year. Its prediction for 2012 is far weaker than the one it gave last November, when it predicted growth of 0.5 percent. A year ago it was predicting growth of 1.8 percent.

Friday's forecasts provide clear evidence of the impact of Europe's debt crisis on the eurozone economy over the past year as governments have struggled to introduce deficit-reduction measures and business and consumer confidence has taken a dive.

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Greek elections

Greek voters on Sunday (6 May) punished the two ruling parties responsible for the last EU bail-out and its austerity measures by giving the radical left the second highest number of votes and allowing a neo-Nazi party into the legislature for the first time.

Early official results after 10 percent of the votes were count show that the centre-right New Democracy party has gained the most votes (19.2%) but it is not enough to re-make the current ruling coalition with the Social Democrats (Pasok). Instead, Syriza, a coalition of radical left parties (16.3%) opposing the austerity rules of the €130 billion bail-out, but in favour for Greece to stay in the eurozone, pushed Pasok into third place. The right-wing Independent Greeks, a splinter party from New Democracy also openly against the bail-out, scored over ten percent. 

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Vying with Syriza as the biggest news of the election is the score of the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn party. It is to hold 21 seats in the parliament after it convinced almost seven percent of the voters.  The Communist Party and the Democratic Left - bolstered by defections from Pasok - also scored above the five-percent threshold. They may be drawn into a leftist government if Samaras fails to form a majority and Syriza leader Alexis Tsipras is given the same task.

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Euobserver.com

Francois Hollande lett Franciaország új elnöke

A hivatalos eredmények szerint a szocialista Francois Hollande 51,56 százalékkal megnyerte a francia elnökválasztást. A konzervatív Nicolas Sarkozy leköszönő államfő 48,44 százalékot ért el az elnökválasztás vasárnap tartott második fordulójában.

Hollande-nak államfőként a rekordméreteket öltő, több mint tíz százalékos munkanélküliség, a deficit és az államadósság lefaragása lesz a legfőbb feladata, valamint kezelnie kell a franciáknak a Brüsszel által megkívánt strukturális reformokkal és megszorításokkal szembeni, egyre növekedő elégedetlenségét is.

Francois Hollande egy korábbi beszédében mondta a következőket: „A forduló másnapján, ha mandátumot kapok, memorandumot fogok intézni az (uniós) államfőkhöz a paktum újratárgyalásáról.” Ennek négy fő pontja: eurókötvények létrehozása infrastrukturális ipari projektek finanszírozásához, az Európai Beruházási Bank finanszírozási lehetőségeinek felszabadítása, pénzügyi tranzakciós adó bevezetése, valamint az európai strukturális alapok fel nem használt maradványainak mozgósítása különböző projektekhez – mondta.

Euvonal.hu

Austerity topples Romanian government

Romania's left-leaning opposition will try to form a new government after torpedoing the centre-right cabinet in a confidence vote on Friday, the latest collapse of an austerity-minded ruling coalition in Europe.

Like other governments in the European Union, ousted Prime Minister Mihai Razvan Ungureanu's two-month-old cabinet has faced a wave of public anger against plans for spending cuts and tax hikes. Violent protests toppled his predecessor, Emil Boc.
"Today justice was done," said Victor Ponta, head of the left-leaning opposition Social Liberal Union (USL). President Traian Basescu, a political opponent, nominated Ponta to try to form a new government as prime minister.

The European Union's second-poorest member slashed public sector salaries and raised sales taxes to put its economy on a more solid footing, but the measures have hit the poorest as Romania emerges only slowly from a two-year recession. Ponta said he controls 228 seats in the 460 member parliament. He should be able to gain backing from smaller parties that will give him a clear majority. If parliament fails to back a new prime minister, an early vote would be held. The next general election is scheduled for November.
The International Monetary Fund, which with the EU has extended two loan packages to Romania, postponed a review there pending details on the shape of a new government. The deal is key to Bucharest's battle to maintain investor confidence. The IMF said it expected Romania to observe its economic policy commitments. The USL has more than 50 percent support in opinion polls. It has committed to work with the IMF, but if it takes power there will be uncertainty over whether it will roll back some austerity measures like wage cuts or hikes in sales tax. Reuters

Austerity talks collapse in the Netherlands

The ruling Dutch minority government was on the brink of collapse Saturday after anti-EU lawmaker Geert Wilders torpedoed seven weeks of austerity talks, saying he would not cave in to budget demands from "dictators in Brussels." 

New national elections that will be a referendum on the Netherlands' relationship with Europe and its ailing single currency are now all-but-certain. But before Prime Minister can tender his resignation -- possibly as early as Monday -- he must consult with allies and opposition parties on how to run a caretaker government that will have to make important economic decisions in the coming weeks and months. "Elections are the logical next step," Rutte said.

Opposition leader Diederik Sansom of the Labor Party joined others across the political spectrum in calling for new elections as soon as possible. "In the meanwhile, we in parliament will take responsibility for a careful budget in 2013," he said.

Austerity talks began in early March after the Dutch economy sank into recession and forecasts showed the 2012 budget deficit will reach 4.6 percent -- well above the 3 percent limit mandated by European rules. Dutch politicians have strongly demanded that Greece and other countries meet that target.

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Rutte said negotiations had been rounded off Friday to deliver a "balanced package" of cuts, but Wilders walked out after discussing the package with his Freedom Party. Christian Democrat leader Maxime Verhagen accused Wilders of "political cowardice" for refusing to sign off on the cuts -- details of which have not yet been released.

Wilders was happy to take the blame, saying he "would not accept that the elderly in the Netherlands have to pay for nonsensical demands from Brussels." He underlined that an accord would have been possible had the coalition been less concerned with following European rules to the letter. "We don't want to bow to Brussels," he said. "We don't want our pensioners to suffer for the sake of the dictators in Brussels."

Wilders has long been a staunch critic of the European Union, opposing an EU constitution and last month suggesting the Netherlands should return to its pre-euro currency, the guilder. Most mainstream Dutch parties are generally pro-EU.

The collapse of talks could endanger the Netherlands' coveted AAA credit rating and drive up its borrowing costs. The Netherlands is one of only four nations using the euro that has the top rating, though it already is under review by rating agencies. Central Bank President Klaas Knot said last week borrowing rates would rise by 1 percent if the Netherlands' ratings are cut.

Once considered one of Europe's strongest economies, the Netherlands is suffering from high levels of personal debt, mostly mortgage related. Rutte came to power in 2010 and slashed spending by (EURO)18 billion. But after the latest downturn, he needs to cut at least (EURO)9 billion ($12 billion) more, according to estimates by the Central Plan Bureau, the government's economic think-tank.

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Businessweek

EU suspends most Myanmar sanctions

The European Union agreed on Monday to suspend most of its sanctions against Myanmar for a year despite a dispute over a parliamentary oath between the army-backed ruling party and pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi. 
In the first clear sign of friction since Suu Kyi's party swept historic by-elections, the ruling party on Monday rejected her demand to replace the words "safeguard the constitution" with "respect the constitution" in the oath. Suu Kyi and party colleagues refused to take their seats at the opening of parliament, denting the image of political transformation Myanmar hopes to portray. 
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One EU diplomat said the sanctions suspension did not mean Myanmar was a fully democratic country, and that it was up to the people there to work out problems like the oath. 
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The suspension, which does not apply to a separate arms embargo, is likely to go into effect this week. It will allow European companies to invest in Myanmar, which has significant natural resources and borders economic giants China and India. The EU had frozen the assets of nearly a thousand companies and institutions, and banned almost 500 people from entering the EU. It also prohibited military-related technical help and banned investment in the mining, timber and precious metals sectors.
The EU is rewarding a shift that has seen many political prisoners freed and a range of repressive measures lifted.
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